Atmospheric chemistry of the coastal area is influenced by the convergence between the inland and marine air: Insight into carbonyl compounds.

Marine biological activity has long been recognized to impact the atmospheric chemistry of coastal areas. In this work, we monitored the seasonal variation of carbonyl compounds in the coastal city of Qingdao, located in the north of China's coastline and the south of Jiaodong Peninsula, with the vast hinterland in the west. The mean total concentration of the 15 carbonyls varied significantly between seasons, with the highest observed in autumn (10.

Simulated Microplastic Release from Cutting Boards and Evaluation of Intestinal Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in Mice.

Background: Plastic cutting boards are commonly used in food preparation, increasing human exposure to microplastics (MPs). However, the health implications are still not well understood.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of long-term exposure to MPs released from cutting boards on intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota.

The causal relationship between hepatitis B, immunophenotypes and liver cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, and infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major risk factors for the development of HCC. However, the definitive causal relationship between HBV infection and liver cancer has not been clearly established. In this study, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the causal effect of HBV infection on hepatocellular carcinoma by using genetic variations as instrumental variables.

Enhancing Pain Assessment Among Post-Surgery Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in China: A Best Practice Implementation Project.

Background: Postoperative pain is a common complication that can delay recovery and increase hospital stays and costs. Accurate pain assessments are essential for effective management.

Local Problem: Compliance with evidence-based pain assessment protocols in the Anesthesia Intensive Care Unit (AICU) at a teaching hospital in Hefei, China, was suboptimal.

Identification and management of a novel Danshen leaf anthracnose caused by in Bunge in China.

Danshen ( Bunge), a member of the genus within the family, holds significant economic and medicinal value. Regrettably, the emergence of a novel leaf anthracnose in 2020 has significantly impacted its cultivation, leading to decreased yield and compromised quality. This newly identified pathogen was meticulously isolated from affected leaves, employing meticulous single conidia isolation techniques.

Types I to IV IFNs and their receptors in white spotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum).

Interferons (IFNs) are a class of proteins with significant antiviral and antibacterial functions. To date, four distinct types of IFNs have been identified in vertebrates, including types I, II, III and IV IFNs. However, all these IFNs have not been reported together from any species of cartilaginous fish.

SPECT Imaging of Cardiac Inflammation by Targeting IL4 Receptor-α on Macrophages.

The inflammation response is a prominent sign of myocardial infarction (MI), mediating the process of cardiac fibrosis and ventricular remodeling. Inflammation visualization holds new promise for guiding cardiac anti-inflammatory therapy. Interleukin-4 receptor α (IL4Rα) interacts with IL4, closely related to macrophage polarization.

Gut Dysbiosis Exacerbates Intestinal Absorption of Cadmium and Arsenic from Cocontaminated Rice in Mice Due to Impaired Intestinal Barrier Functions.

Globally, humans face gut microbiota dysbiosis; however, its impact on the bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) from rice consumption─a major source of human exposure to these metals─remains unclear. In this study, we compared Cd and As accumulation in the liver and kidneys of mice with disrupted gut microbiota (administered cefoperazone sodium), restored microbiota (administered probiotics and prebiotics following antibiotic exposure), and normal microbiota, all after consuming cocontaminated rice. Compared to normal mice, microbiota-disrupted mice exhibited 30.

Residual networks using multi-task learning algorithm for near-infrared spectroscopy: A case study.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a widely used non-destructive detection method known for its efficiency and environmental friendliness. However, the complex and high-dimensional nature of NIRS data presents challenges in accurately correlating spectral information with specific chemical compositions. In this study, an improved ResNet-18 model integrated with multi-task learning to estimate multiple chemical contents from full-dimensional NIRS data is proposed.

The use of large language models to enhance cancer clinical trial educational materials.

Background: Adequate patient awareness and understanding of cancer clinical trials is essential for trial recruitment, informed decision-making, and protocol adherence. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise for patient education, their role in enhancing patient awareness of clinical trials remains unexplored. This study explored the performance and risks of LLMs in generating trial-specific educational content for potential participants.

A comprehensive bibliographic study on mental illness.

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of recent mental illness research by utilizing an advanced bibliographic method capable of analyzing up to 12,965 papers indexed in the Web of Science database, overcoming the limitations of traditional tools like VOSviewer, which typically analyze fewer than 1,000 papers. By examining a vast dataset, this study identifies key trends, significant keywords, and prominent contributors, including leading researchers, universities, and countries/regions, in the field of mental illness research. Additionally, the study highlights eight major contributors to mental health problems, offering critical insights into the field’s current state.

Thyroid Endocrine Disrupting Potential of Fluoxetine in Zebrafish Larvae.

Fluoxetine (FLX), a typical selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, has been frequently detected in aquatic environment and wild fish. However, little is known about its effect on thyroid endocrine system. In the present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to 1, 3, 10, and 30 μg/L of FLX for 6 days.

Characteristics of patients with undiagnosed stage 3 chronic kidney disease: results from an observational study (REVEAL-CKD) in China.

Background: Early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is crucial for timely intervention to delay disease progression and improve patient outcomes. However, data for clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with undiagnosed, early-stage CKD are lacking.

Methods: REVEAL-CKD is a multinational, observational study using real-world data in selected countries to describe factors associated with undiagnosed stage 3 CKD, time to diagnosis, and CKD management post diagnosis.

The feasibility of using machine learning to predict COVID-19 cases.

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, emerged as a global health crisis in 2019, resulting in widespread morbidity and mortality. A persistent challenge during the pandemic has been the accuracy of reported epidemic data, particularly in underdeveloped regions with limited access to COVID-19 test kits and healthcare infrastructure. In the post-COVID era, this issue remains crucial.

Effects of Acupoint Application on Postoperative Sore Throat in Adults Following General Endotracheal Anesthesia: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Study.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effect of acupoint application on the prevention of postoperative sore throat (POST), cough, expectoration, hoarseness, and patient satisfaction after general anesthesia.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Methods: A randomized double-blind clinical trial was designed.

Synthesis of Benzazepines Bearing Three Contiguous Carbon Stereocenters through Pd(II)-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of -Aryl Nitrones with Allenoates.

A cascade reaction of Pd(II)/dppben-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of -aryl nitrones with allenoates and sequential reduction has been developed for the synthesis of functionalized benzazepines bearing three contiguous carbon stereocenters in moderate to good yields ranging from 15 to 82% and high diastereoselectivity. The obtained benzazepines could be converted into various benzazepine scaffolds, and an estrone-derived benzazepine scaffold was prepared over four steps from estrone. More importantly, chiral benzazepine bearing three contiguous carbon stereocenters could be obtained in 88% ee value with chiral auxiliary.

The relationship between HYDIN and fallopian tubal cilia loss in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Introduction: Primary cilia play an important role in the development of cancer by regulating signaling pathways. Several studies have demonstrated that women with mutations have, on average, 50% fewer ciliated cells compared with general women. However, the role of tubal cilia loss in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains unclear.

A Bibliometric Analysis on the Risk Factors of Cancer.

Given the high lethality of cancer, identifying its risk factors is crucial in both epidemiology and cancer research. This study employs a novel bibliometric analysis method, which uses the tidytext package and tidy tools in R. This approach surpasses traditional tools like VOSviewer, offering more comprehensive and complex keyword data and clearer results compared to Bibliometrix.

Extracellular HSP70 facilitated β-glucan induced trained immunity in macrophages to suppress sepsis via TLR2-NF-κB axis.

Sepsis is a common systemic infectious disease followed by extremely high incidence and mortality with no effective treatment and clinical drugs. As a key mediator involved in infection and immunity, it has been reported that sepsis patients are accompanied by increased heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Trained immunity is a novel innate immunity approach that can be activated by β-glucan to fight against sepsis.

Systematic bibliographic analysis of heavy metal remediation.

Heavy metals pose a significant threat to human health, with contaminated water sources linked to severe conditions, including gastric cancer. Consequently, the effective remediation of heavy metals is crucial. This study employs a bibliographic analysis to examine key methodologies, leading organizations, and prominent countries involved in heavy metal remediation.

Association of iron deficiency with kidney outcome and all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease patients without anemia.

Background: Iron deficiency is prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), even in those without anemia. However, the effects of iron deficiency on CKD progression and all-cause mortality in non-dialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) patients without anemia remain incompletely understood.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective nationwide cohort study included adult patients with non-anemia NDD-CKD from 24 hospitals across China.

Uncertainty estimation in diagnosis generation from large language models: next-word probability is not pre-test probability.

Objective: To evaluate large language models (LLMs) for pre-test diagnostic probability estimation and compare their uncertainty estimation performance with a traditional machine learning classifier.

Materials And Methods: We assessed 2 instruction-tuned LLMs, Mistral-7B-Instruct and Llama3-70B-chat-hf, on predicting binary outcomes for Sepsis, Arrhythmia, and Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) using electronic health record (EHR) data from 660 patients. Three uncertainty estimation methods-Verbalized Confidence, Token Logits, and LLM Embedding+XGB-were compared against an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) classifier trained on raw EHR data.

Downregulated CCND3 Is a Key Event Driving Lung Adenocarcinoma Metastasis during Acquired Cisplatin Resistance.

Cyclin D3 (CCND3), a member of the cyclin D family, is known to promote cell cycle transition. In this study, we found that CCND3 was downregulated in cisplatin-resistant (-diamminedichloroplatinum, DDP) lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. The loss of CCND3 indeed impeded cell cycle transition.

The TRIPOD-LLM reporting guideline for studies using large language models.

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted in healthcare, necessitating standardized reporting guidelines. We present transparent reporting of a multivariable model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD)-LLM, an extension of the TRIPOD + artificial intelligence statement, addressing the unique challenges of LLMs in biomedical applications. TRIPOD-LLM provides a comprehensive checklist of 19 main items and 50 subitems, covering key aspects from title to discussion.

[Clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of two children with Multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome due to variants of IBA57 gene].

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and genetic variants associated with Multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome (MMDS) type 3 in two children.

Methods: Two children diagnosed with MMDS type 3 at Zhuhai Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital in January 2021 were selected for this study. A retrospective analysis of their clinical data was carried out.