Child and Family Predictors for Mastery Motivation in Children With Developmental Delays.

Motivation is a key factor for child development, but very few studies have examined child and family predictors of both child task and perceived motivation. Thus, the three aims of this 6-month longitudinal study in preschoolers with global developmental delays (GDD) were to explore: 1) differences between task and perceived motivation in cognitive domain; 2) differences among three domains of perceived motivation: cognitive, gross motor, and social; and 3) early child and family predictors of cognitive task motivation and the three domains of perceived motivation 6 months later. Results indicated that preschoolers with GDD showed higher cognitive task motivation than cognitive perceived motivation, and lower perceived cognitive motivation than the other two perceived motivation domains.

Mobile Device-Based Video Screening for Infant Head Lag: An Exploratory Study.

Introduction: Video-based automatic motion analysis has been employed to identify infant motor development delays. To overcome the limitations of lab-recorded images and training datasets, this study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model using videos taken by mobile phone to assess infants' motor skills.

Methods: A total of 270 videos of 41 high-risk infants were taken by parents using a mobile device.

Perceived security of BYOD devices in medical institutions.

Background: Like other computing devices mobile devices have inherent security risks. With today's wider use of mobile devices in medical institutions, particularly the practice of 'bring-your-own-device' (BYOD), the risk of medical data breaches is concerning.

Purpose: To investigate security risk perception and safeguard adoption of mobile devices among medical practitioners and IT administrators.

Child and family factors that predict participation attendance in daily activities of toddlers with global developmental delay.

Purposes: Enhancing children's daily participation is the optimal goal of early childhood intervention. This study aimed to identify child and family predictors of participation for toddlers with global developmental delay.

Methods: Fifty-nine toddlers with global developmental delay (aged 24-43 months) and their mothers participated in a 6-month longitudinal study.

Postural Control and Interceptive Skills in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Background: Increasing evidence shows common motor deficits associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that can relate to impaired planning and control processes of the sensorimotor system. Catching is a fundamental motor skill that requires coordination between vision, posture, and arm movements. Although postural control and ball catching have been shown to be impaired in children with ASD, previous studies have not investigated how these components are integrated.

Physical activity and objectively assessed sleep in 6-month-old infants in Taiwan.

Adequate physical activity is associated with improved sleep in adults. Such associations, however, vary greatly across studies in pediatric populations, with no studies involving infants found in the literature. This prospective observational study was designed, therefore, to examine the association between physical activity and sleep patterns in infants.

Infant sleep problems: The sleep characteristics of the "Don't Know" response.

Aims: To examine the sleep characteristics of infants with parentally reported sleep problems, with parentally reported no sleep problems and with parentally reported uncertain sleep conditions.

Background: Infant sleep problems are recognized as a major health issue worldwide. However, in our daily clinical practices, it is not uncommon for parents not to know whether their infant sleep is problematic.

Gross Motor Trajectories During the First Year of Life for Preterm Infants With Very Low Birth Weight.

Background: Early identification of motor dysfunction in preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) is important in order to provide early intervention.

Objective: This study was to examine the motor trajectories of preterm infants with VLBW during their first year of life and to investigate the predictive ability and influencing factors of the trajectories.

Design And Methods: A total of 342 preterm infants with VLBW were prospectively assessed for motor development by the Alberta Infant Motor Scales at 4, 6, 9, and 12 months and for developmental outcomes using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, second edition, at 24 months.

Development of adaptive sensorimotor control in infant sitting posture.

A reliable and adaptive relationship between action and perception is necessary for postural control. Our understanding of how this adaptive sensorimotor control develops during infancy is very limited. This study examines the dynamic visual-postural relationship during early development.

Do maternal interactive behaviors correlate with developmental outcomes and mastery motivation in toddlers with and without motor delay?

Background: Maternal interactive behaviors theoretically affect developmental outcomes and mastery motivation in young children. However, these associations are inconsistent in the literature.

Objective: The purposes of this study were: (1) to examine the differences in maternal behaviors between toddlers with motor delay (MD) and those with typical development (TD), (2) to investigate the correlation of maternal behaviors and developmental quotients (DQs) in toddlers with MD and TD, and (3) to examine the correlation of maternal behaviors and mastery motivation in toddlers with MD and TD.

A randomized controlled trial of clinic-based and home-based interventions in comparison with usual care for preterm infants: effects and mediators.

This study examined the effects and mediators of a clinic-based intervention program (CBIP) and a home-based intervention program (HBIP) compared with usual care in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants on developmental and behavioral outcomes at 24 months of age (corrected for prematurity). In this randomized controlled trial, VLBW preterm infants received either CBIP (n=57), HBIP (n=63), or usual care (n=58) from hospitalization to 12 months. At 12 months, infant emotional regulation was assessed using the toy-behind-barrier procedure and dyadic interaction was observed during free play.

A psychometric study of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - 3rd Edition for term and preterm Taiwanese infants.

The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - 3rd Edition (Bayley-III) was updated to enhance its usefulness for contemporary child developmental assessment. However, recent data in Western countries have implicated the overestimation of child development by the new instrument. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric features of the Bayley-III for term and preterm infants in Taiwan.

The effect of in-hospital developmental care on neonatal morbidity, growth and development of preterm Taiwanese infants: a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Intervention studies of developmental care for preterm infants in Western societies have shown early but unsustainable effects on child outcomes, however only a limited of studies have examined if developmental care interventions produce similar effects in Eastern cultural contexts.

Aims: To examine the effectiveness of in-hospital developmental care on neonatal morbidity, growth and development of preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW; birth weight<1500 g) in Taiwan.

Methods: One hundred and seventy-eight VLBW preterm infants were randomly assigned to the clinical trial during hospitalization at three hospitals in Taiwan; the control group received five sessions of standard child-focused developmental care and the intervention group received five sessions of child- and parent-focused developmental care.

Treadmill responses and physical activity levels of infants at risk for neuromotor delay.

Purpose: This study described developmental changes in treadmill (TM) stepping and physical activity (PA) of infants at risk for neuromotor delay (ND) and explored these changes by diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP). Relationships of stepping and PA with walking onset were examined.

Method: Fifteen infants at risk for ND (9.

The development of infant upright posture: sway less or sway differently?

Postural control is an important factor for early motor development; however, compared with adults, little is known about how infants control their unperturbed upright posture. This lack of knowledge, particularly with respect to spatial and temporal characteristics of infants' unperturbed independent standing, represents a significant gap in the understanding of human postural control and its development. Therefore, our first analysis offers a thorough longitudinal characterization of infants' quiet stance through the 9 months following the onset of independent walking.

Two steps forward and one back: Learning to walk affects infants' sitting posture.

The transition from sitting to walking is a major motor milestone for the developing postural system. This study examined whether this transition to walking impacts the previously established posture (i.e.

The impact of countermeasure propagation on the prevalence of computer viruses.

Countermeasures such as software patches or warnings can be effective in helping organizations avert virus infection problems. However, current strategies for disseminating such countermeasures have limited their effectiveness. We propose a new approach, called the Countermeasure Competing (CMC) strategy, and use computer simulation to formally compare its relative effectiveness with three antivirus strategies currently under consideration.

Relationship between spontaneous kicking and age of walking attainment in preterm infants with very low birth weight and full-term infants.

Background And Purposes: Although early kicking differences have been reported for preterm infants without overt cranial sonographic abnormalities, their functional importance remains unclear because no outcomes have been measured. Therefore, the first purpose of this prospective study was to examine the age of walking attainment in preterm infants who had very low birth weight (VLBW) but no overt neurosonographic abnormalities and full-term infants without known impairments or pathology. The second purpose was to examine the relationship between spontaneous kicking and age of walking attainment in these infants.

Kinematic analysis of kicking movements in preterm infants with very low birth weight and full-term infants.

Background And Purpose: Study of kicking development provides important information to understand how early spontaneous movements change in infants as they acquire voluntary control. Researchers have investigated the kicking movements of preterm infants; however, the movement patterns that they have described were inconsistent. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the development of kicking movements with kinematic analysis in preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) and full-term infants.