The Associations of Vitamin D Level with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Among Adult Population: Evidence from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018.

Vitamin D can both stimulate and inhibit adipogenesis, indicating that associations of the vitamin D level with some metabolic disorders may be nonlinear. This cross-sectional study aims to explore potential nonlinear associations of the 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] level with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. Adults without previously diagnosed specific noncommunicable disease were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 ( = 870).

Aluminum surface defect detection method based on a lightweight YOLOv4 network.

Deep learning is currently being used to automate surface defect detection in aluminum. The common target detection models based on neural networks often have a large number of parameters and a slow detection speed, which is not conducive to real-time detection. Therefore, this paper proposes a lightweight aluminum surface defect detection model, M2-BL-YOLOv4, based on the YOLOv4 algorithm.

Perspectives on miRNAs directly targeting BDNF for cancer diagnosis and treatment (Review).

MicroRNA (miRNA), a non‑coding single‑stranded RNA molecule with a length of 21‑25 nucleotides transcripts, has been identified to play important roles in tumorigenesis and shows great potential applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the nerve growth factor family and usually serves as a biomarker in neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases for diagnosis and treatment by regulating its high‑affinity receptor TrkB (Tyrosine Kinase Receptor B). Abnormal expression of BDNF is also closely related to the development of cancer, cancer‑related pain and depression.

Developmental Population Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics of Meropenem in Chinese Neonates and Young Infants: Dosing Recommendations for Late-Onset Sepsis.

The pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of meropenem in Chinese newborns with late-onset sepsis (LOS) are still lacking. Causative pathogens of LOS and their susceptibility patterns in China differ from the data abroad. We, therefore, conducted a developmental population pharmacokinetic−pharmacodynamic analysis in Chinese newborns with the goal to optimize meropenem dosing regimens for LOS therapy.

Multi-objective optimization of water distribution networks based on non-dominated sequencing genetic algorithm.

Due to the conflict between reducing cost and improving water supply performance, how to select the appropriate pipe diameter is a current challenge. In this paper, the problem is transformed into a multi-objective optimization problem, and the evolutionary genetic optimization algorithm is used to solve the problem to determine the optimal selection of pipe diameter in the pipe network. To solve this problem, the evolutionary genetic algorithm was coupled with EPANET hydraulic simulation software in Python environment.

Clinical utility of a model-based amoxicillin dosage regimen in neonates with early-onset sepsis.

Early-onset sepsis (EOS) is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Currently, amoxicillin is empirically used to treat neonates with EOS. However, data on its effectiveness in neonates with EOS are still limited.

Latamoxef for Neonates With Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS), a bacterial infection that occurs within 72 h after birth, is associated with high likelihood of neonatal mortality. Latamoxef, a semi-synthetic oxacephem antibiotic developed in 1980s, has been brought back into empirical EONS treatment in recent years. In the preliminary work, we established a population pharmacokinetics (PPK) model for latamoxef in Chinese neonates.

Drug Clearance in Neonates: A Combination of Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling and Machine Learning Approaches to Improve Individual Prediction.

Background: Population pharmacokinetic evaluations have been widely used in neonatal pharmacokinetic studies, while machine learning has become a popular approach to solving complex problems in the current era of big data.

Objective: The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to evaluate whether combining population pharmacokinetic and machine learning approaches could provide a more accurate prediction of the clearance of renally eliminated drugs in individual neonates.

Methods: Six drugs that are primarily eliminated by the kidneys were selected (vancomycin, latamoxef, cefepime, azlocillin, ceftazidime, and amoxicillin) as 'proof of concept' compounds.

Developmental Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Optimization of Cefepime in Neonates and Young Infants.

Objective: Cefepime is used to treat severe infections in neonates. Pharmacokinetic data have only been evaluated among preterm neonates and population pharmacokinetic model lacked external validation. Hence, our aim is to obtain the population pharmacokinetic parameters of cefepime with large sampling and optimize the cefepime dosage regimen for neonatal infection based on developmental pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics.

Influence of prevention of caffeine citrate on cytokine profile and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants with apnea.

Background: This study aims to investigate the preventive effects of caffeine citrate on cytokine profile and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants with apnea.

Methods: Preterm infants with apnea who were born at less than 32 weeks of gestational age and birth weight ≤1500 g were randomly divided into caffeine citrate prevention group and caffeine citrate treatment group. Preterm infants in caffeine citrate prevention group who were at risk of developing recurrent apnea were given to caffeine citrate within 8 h after birth.

Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Optimization of Amoxicillin in Neonates and Young Infants.

Amoxicillin is widely used to treat bacterial infections in neonates. However, considerable intercenter variability in dosage regimens of antibiotics exists in clinical practice. The pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin has been described in only a few preterm neonates.

A microscale HPLC-UV method for the determination of latamoxef in plasma: An adapted method for therapeutic drug monitoring in neonates.

Latamoxef, a broad-spectrum anti-bacterial agent of the β-lactam antibiotics, is used off-label in treatment of neonatal sepsis. Large inter-individual variability and uncertainty of treatment make therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) useful to optimize antimicrobial therapy. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a simple, selective and reliable HPLC method for the determination of latamoxef in small volumes of plasma, which could be used in neonatal TDM.

Pilot Study of Model-Based Dosage Individualization of Ganciclovir in Neonates and Young Infants with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.

Newborns with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are at high risk for developing permanent sequelae. Intravenous ganciclovir therapy is frequently used for the treatment of congenital CMV infection. A target area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC) of 40 to 50 μg · h/ml is recommended.