Transanal endoscopic microsurgery versus radical resection for early-stage rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta- analysis.

Purpose: In the treatment of early-stage rectal cancer, a growing number of studies have shown that transanal endoscopic microsurgery is one of the alternatives to radical surgery adhering to total mesorectal excision that can reduce the incidence of adverse events without compromising treatment outcomes. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare the safety and treatment effect of transanal endoscopic microsurgery and radical surgery adhering to total mesorectal excision to provide a basis for clinical treatment selections.

Method: We searched the literatures of four major databases, PubMed, Embase, Web of science, and Cochrane Library, without limitation of time.

Quaternized Sodium Alginate--Ethyl-Oxazoline Copolymer Brushes and Their Supramolecular Networks Hydrogen Bonding.

Novel copolymer brushes of quaternized sodium alginate--(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) are achieved by the grafting reaction of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EOX) from benzyl bromide groups in quaternized sodium alginate (QSA). The average number of (EOX) structural units is mediated from 1 to 5 by changing the molar ratio of the EOX monomer to benzyl bromide side groups. There exists obvious microphase separation between the QSA backbone and (EOX) segments in the copolymer brushes due to their thermodynamic incompatibility.