Monophosphate Derivatives of Luteolin and Apigenin as Efficient Precursors with Improved Oral Bioavailability in Rats.

Luteolin (Lut) and apigenin (Apn), flavones present in various edible plants, exhibit diverse antioxidant and pharmacological activities but have limited in vivo efficacy due to low water solubility and poor bioavailability. Here, we generated luteolin and apigenin monophosphate derivatives (LutPs and ApnPs) individually via microbial biotransformation. We then characterized their physicochemical properties and evaluated their in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetics and bioavailability.

A complex of NLRP3 with caspase-4 is essential for inflammasome activation by Tannerella forsythia infection.

Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal tissue, is often associated with a group of pathogenic bacteria known as the "red complex," including Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia). Previous papers showed that T.

An advanced plasmonic bimetallic nanostar composite for ultra-sensitive SERS detection of crystal violet.

The controlled synthesis of Ag/Au nanocomposite particles has remained a significant challenge in nanomaterial research. This study presents the synthesis, characterization, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanostar composites. The structural and plasmonic properties of these nanocomposites were optimized by varying the molar ratios of silver nanostars (AgNSs) and gold nanostars (AuNSs).

Enhanced Electrical Transport Properties of Molybdenum Disulfide Field-Effect Transistors by Using Alkali Metal Fluorides as Dielectric Capping Layers.

The electronic properties of 2D materials are highly influenced by the molecular activity at their interfaces. A method was proposed to address this issue by employing passivation techniques using monolayer MoS field-effect transistors (FETs) while preserving high performance. Herein, we have used alkali metal fluorides as dielectric capping layers, including lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium fluoride (NaF), and potassium fluoride (KF) dielectric capping layers, to mitigate the environmental impact of oxygen and water exposure.

Structure-specific metabolism of flavonol molecules by Bacillus subtilis var. natto BCRC 80517.

Flavonols (3-hydroxy flavones) have been studied for their beneficial bioactivities for human health. Recently, we reported that a flavonoid phosphate synthetase (BsFPS) from Bacillus subtilis BCRC 80517 can transform several flavonoids into their phosphate conjugates, which become more water-soluble and thus increase the oral bioavailability. However, the in vivo metabolism of different flavonols has yet to be determined.

Exploring relationships between health-related lifestyle habits and fatigue among flight attendants and trainees.

Background: Fatigue in flight attendants is an important issue concerning flight safety and occupational health. It is well known that work-related factors and certain lifestyle habits can cause fatigue. But very few studies have focused on the difference between having work experience flight attendants and no flight experience trainees.

Discovery of a novel phosphotransferase from Bacillus subtilis that phosphorylates a broad spectrum of flavonoids.

Flavonoids are associated with health benefits, but most of them have poor oral bioavailability due to their extremely low aqueous solubility. Flavonoid O-phosphorylation suggests a potent modification to solve the problems. Here, we isolated, identified and characterized an unprecedented phosphotransferase, flavonoid phosphate synthetase (BsFPS), from B.

Luteolin Phosphate Derivatives Generated by Cultivating var. Natto BCRC 80517 with Luteolin.

Luteolin (LUT), a plant-derived flavone, exhibits various bioactivities; however, the poor aqueous solubility hampers its applications. Here, we revealed bioconversion of LUT by BCRC 80517, yielding three water-soluble phosphate conjugates. These derivatives were identified as luteolin 4'--phosphate (), luteolin 3'--phosphate (), and luteolin 7--phosphate () by LC-ESI-MS/MS and NMR.

Effectiveness of a Water Intake Program at the Workplace in Physical and Mental Health Outcomes.

Introduction: Adequate water intake is a low-cost and effectively non-invasive strategy for individual health outcomes. We aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of water intake intervention in intensive-labor and static-type workplaces.

Method: Smart drinking cups were provided to the participants, and a built-in application (App) associated with the cup was downloaded on their phones.

Microbial Phosphorylation Product of Hesperetin by BCRC 80517 Improves Oral Bioavailability in Rats.

The flavanoid hesperidin (Hsd) is one of the major polyphenols in citrus fruits. Hsd and its aglycone hesperetin (Hst) have a broad array of bioactivities; however, their low aqueous solubility and low intestinal permeability lead to their limited oral bioavailability. In the present study, we generated two water-soluble derivatives of Hst, namely, Hst 7--phosphate and Hst3'--phosphate, by a unique bioconversion process of var.

Isolation of individual isoflavone species from soybean by solvent extraction followed by the combination of macroporous resin and aluminium oxide separation.

Growing interest in the health benefits of soy isoflavones has led to research in the isolation of individual isoflavone species for further application. Herein, we develop a new strategy to isolate daidzein, genistein, daidzin and genistin in soybean. We investigated the impact of solvents used and the extraction time on the extracted isoflavone contents from soybean.

Automatic Full Glycan Structural Determination through Logically Derived Sequence Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Glycans have diverse functions and play vital roles in many biological systems, such as influenza, vaccines, and cancer biomarkers. However, full structural identification of glycans remains challenging. The glycan structure was conventionally determined by chemical methods or NMR spectroscopy, which require a large amount of sample and are not readily applicable for glycans extracted from biological samples.

Phosphorylation of Isoflavones by Bacillus subtilis BCRC 80517 May Represent Xenobiotic Metabolism.

The soy isoflavones daidzein (DAI) and genistein (GEN) have beneficial effects on human health. However, their oral bioavailability is hampered by their low aqueous solubility. Our previous study revealed two water-soluble phosphorylated conjugates of isoflavones, daidzein 7-O-phosphate and genistein 7-O-phosphate, generated via biotransformation by Bacillus subtilis BCRC80517 cultivated with isoflavones.

Antimelanogenic Effect of Urolithin A and Urolithin B, the Colonic Metabolites of Ellagic Acid, in B16 Melanoma Cells.

Antimelanogenic agents from natural sources have been widely investigated. Urolithin A (UA) and B (UB), the main gut microflora metabolites of dietary ellagic acid derivatives, have various bioactivities such as anti-inflammatory and antiaging effects. In this study, the metabolites were found to possess depigmentation efficacy by suppressing tyrosinase activity.

Elucidation of the therapeutic role of mitochondrial biogenesis transducers NRF-1 in the regulation of renal fibrosis.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a newly established risk factor for the development of renal fibrosis. Cell survival and injury repair is facilitated by mitochondrial biogenesis. Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) is a transcriptional regulation factor that plays a central role in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis.

Treatment with cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin short hairpin RNA substantially reduces TGF-β1-induced interstitial cellular fibrosis.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has previously been linked to allergic inflammatory diseases, and tissue fibrosis and organ dysfunction may also arise from such inflammation. It remains unclear, however, whether TSLP plays any role in the occurrence of renal fibrosis, so this study investigated that possibility. An in vitro fibrosis model was established by treating normal rat kidney fibroblast (NRK-49F) cells with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), after which the levels of various fibrogenic markers (e.

MLN4924, a novel protein neddylation inhibitor, suppresses proliferation and migration of human urothelial carcinoma: In vitro and in vivo studies.

MLN4924, a small molecule inhibitor of NEDD8 activating enzyme (NAE), has been reported to elicit an anti-tumor effect on various malignancies. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of MLN4924 in human urothelial carcinoma (UC) in vitro and in vivo by using three human UC cell lines of various grading (T24, NTUB1 and RT4). The impact of MLN4924 on UC cells was determined by measuring viability (MTT), proliferation (BrdU incorporation), cell cycle progression (flow cytometry with propidium iodide staining) and apoptosis (flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC labeling).

Cup-shaped copper heat spreader in multi-chip high-power LEDs application.

In this study, cup-shaped copper sheets were developed to improve heat dispassion for high-power light emitting diodes (LEDs) array module (3 × 3, 4 × 4, and 5 × 5) using an electroplating technique. The cup-shaped copper sheets were directly contacted with sapphire to enhance the heat dissipation of the chip itself. The lateral emitting light extraction and heat dissipation of high-power LEDs were enhanced and efficient.

Energy transfer of highly vibrationally excited naphthalene: collisions with CHF3, CF4, and Kr.

Energy transfer of highly vibrationally excited naphthalene in the triplet state in collisions with CHF(3), CF(4), and Kr was studied using a crossed-beam apparatus along with time-sliced velocity map ion imaging techniques. Highly vibrationally excited naphthalene (2.0 eV vibrational energy) was formed via the rapid intersystem crossing of naphthalene initially excited to the S(2) state by 266 nm photons.

Involvement of PKC in TPA-potentiated apoptosis induction during hemin-mediated erythroid differentiation in K562 cells.

Triggering differentiation has been employed as a strategy to inhibit cell proliferation and accelerate apoptosis in malignant cells. To better understand the mechanisms underlying differentiation-mediated regulation of apoptosis, we have studied the effects of PKC pathway with an activator of the protein kinase C, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), during hemin-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 erythroleukemia cells. K562 cell line has been used as a model of common progenitor of erythroblasts and magakaryocytes and can be differentiated into erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages by hemin and TPA, respectively.

Azido-(1,1-diphenyl-methanimine-κN)[hydridotris(pyrazolyl-κN)borato](triphenyl-phosphine-κP)ruthenium(II) diethyl ether solvate.

The reaction of [RuCl(C(9)H(10)BN(6))(C(18)H(15)P)(2)] with benzo-phenone imine in methanol, in the presence of sodium azide, leads to the formation of the title compound, [Ru(C(9)H(10)BN(6))(N(3))(HN=CPh(2))(C(18)H(15)P)]·C(4)H(10)O, which crystallizes as the diethyl ether solvate. In the crystal structure, the Ru atom is coordinated by three N atoms of one hydridotris(pyrazoly)borate anion, one P atom of one triphenyl-phosphine ligand, one N atom of the azide anion and one N atom of the benzophenone-imine ligand in a slightly distorted octa-hedral geometry. The azide anion is almost linear [177.

(O,O'-Diethyl dithio-phosphato-κS,S')(hydridotripyrazol-1-ylborato-κN,N,N)(triphenyl-phosphine-κP)ruthenium(II).

Reaction of [Ru(Tp)Cl(PPh(3))(2)] {where Tp is hydridotri-pyrazol-yl-borate, BH[C(3)H(3)N(2))(3))]} with NH(4)[S(2)P(OEt)(2)] in methanol afforded the title compound, [Ru(C(9)H(10)BN(6))(C(4)H(10)O(2)PS(2))(C(18)H(15)P)], in which the Ru(II) ion is in a slightly disorted octa-hedral coordination environment. The [S(2)P(OEt)(2)](-) ligand coordinates in a chelating mode with two similar Ru-S bond lengths and a slightly acute S-Ru-S angle. The atoms of both -OCH(2)CH(3) groups of the diethyl dithio-phosphate ligand are disordered over two sites with approximate occupancies of 0.

An open-label, crossover study of a new phosphate-binding agent in haemodialysis patients: ferric citrate.

Background: Hyperphosphataemia contributes to secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Calcium salts are widely employed to bind dietary phosphate (P) but they may promote positive net calcium balance and metastatic calcification. We recently reported that ferric compounds bind intestinal phosphate in studies of normal and azotemic rats.