PAGE-based transfer learning from single-cell to bulk sequencing enhances model generalization for sepsis diagnosis.

Sepsis, caused by infections, sparks a dangerous bodily response. The transcriptional expression patterns of host responses aid in the diagnosis of sepsis, but the challenge lies in their limited generalization capabilities. To facilitate sepsis diagnosis, we present an updated version of single-cell Pair-wise Analysis of Gene Expression (scPAGE) using transfer learning method, scPAGE2, dedicated to data fusion between single-cell and bulk transcriptome.

The nadir platelet count in the first 48 h after ICU admission is a potential predictor of acute kidney injury in hemorrhagic shock patients.

Background: The relationship between the nadir platelet count within the first 48 h after intensive care unit (ICU) admission and the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hemorrhagic shock patients remains unclear. This study investigated this association in adult patients admitted to the surgical ICU for hemorrhagic shock.

Methods: We included 124 hemorrhagic shock patients, excluding those with pre-existing AKI or chronic kidney disease (CKD), admitted to two affiliated hospitals between January 2019 and May 2022.

Chronic kidney disease and thyroid hormones.

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction is prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and significantly impacts renal outcomes and mortality. This study investigated the associations between thyroid function and clinical outcomes, and also the therapeutic effects of thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) in CKD patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the China Renal Data System.

Inflammation-based scores predict chronic kidney disease progression in patients with chronic kidney disease and chronic heart failure.

Background: Inflammation is associated with adverse outcomes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or chronic heart failure (CHF), but few large data exist. We aimed to explore the clinical associations, and prognostic consequences of inflammation-based scores in patients with CKD and CHF.

Methods: This work was a retrospective cohort study.

Water-soluble garlic polysaccharide (WSGP) improves ulcerative volitis by modulating the intestinal barrier and intestinal flora metabolites.

WSGP has demonstrated significant potential for various bioactive effects. However, limited research has explored their anti-ulcerative colitis (UC) effects and mechanism on the colonic system and gut microbial metabolites. We evaluated the ameliorative effects of WSGP on the UC mice model.

The role of serum magnesium in the prediction of acute kidney injury after total aortic arch replacement: A prospective observational study.

Background: Considerable morbidity and death are associated with acute kidney damage (AKI) following total aortic arch replacement (TAAR). The relationship between AKI following TAAR and serum magnesium levels remains unknown. The intention of this research was to access the predictive value of serum magnesium levels on admission to the Cardiovascular Surgical Intensive Care Unit (CSICU) for AKI in patients receiving TAAR.

Inverse association between serum chloride levels and the risk of atrial fibrillation in chronic kidney disease patients.

Background: Electrolyte abnormalities are common symptoms of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but previous studies have mainly focussed on serum potassium and sodium levels. Chloride is an important biomarker for the prognosis of various diseases. However, the relationship between serum chloride levels and atrial fibrillation (AF) in CKD patients is unclear.

Predictive Value of Serum Soluble ST2 in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery for Acute Kidney Injury.

Introduction: Cardiac surgery is related to an increased risk of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). Serum soluble ST2 (sST2) is highly predictive of several cardiovascular diseases and may also be involved in renal injury. This study explored the relationship between serum sST2 levels measured at intensive care unit (ICU) admission and the development of AKI after cardiac surgery.

Machine learning-based model to predict severe acute kidney injury after total aortic arch replacement for acute type A aortic dissection.

Background: Severe acute kidney injury (AKI) after total aortic arch replacement (TAAR) is related to adverse outcomes in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). However, the early prediction of severe AKI remains a challenge. This study aimed to develop a novel model to predict severe AKI after TAAR in ATAAD patients using machine learning algorithms.

Integrating proximal soil sensing data and environmental variables to enhance the prediction accuracy for soil salinity and sodicity in a region of Xinjiang Province, China.

Soil salinization and sodification, the primary causes of land degradation and desertification in arid and semi-arid regions, demand effective monitoring for sustainable land management. This study explores the utility of partial least square (PLS) latent variables (LVs) derived from visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy, combined with remote sensing (RS) and auxiliary variables, to predict electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) in northern Xinjiang, China. Using 90 soil samples from the Karamay district, machine learning models (Random Forest, Support Vector Regression, Cubist) were tested in four scenarios.

Real-world effectiveness of early insulin therapy on the incidence of cardiovascular events in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Early insulin therapy is capable to achieve glycemic control and restore β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D), but its effect on cardiovascular outcomes in these patients remains unclear. In this nationwide real-world study, we analyzed electronic health record data from 19 medical centers across China between 1 January 2000, and 26 May 2022. We included 5424 eligible patients (mean age 56 years, 2176 women/3248 men) who were diagnosed T2D within six months and did not have prior cardiovascular disease.

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors vs. metformin for new-onset dementia: a propensity score-matched cohort study.

Background: Hypoglycemic pharmacotherapy interventions for alleviating the risk of dementia remains controversial, particularly about dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors versus metformin. Our objective was to investigate whether the initiation of DPP4 inhibitors, as opposed to metformin, was linked to a reduced risk of dementia.

Methods: We included individuals with type 2 diabetes over 40 years old who were new users of DPP4 inhibitors or metformin in the Chinese Renal Disease Data System (CRDS) database between 2009 and 2020.

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the ameliorative effect of rosmarinic acid on diabetic nephropathy-induced kidney injury by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes, characterized by changes in kidney structure and function. The natural product rosmarinic acid (RA) has demonstrated therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative-stress, in renal damage or dysfunction. In this study, we characterized the heterogeneity of the cellular response in kidneys to DN-induced injury and RA treatment at single cell levels.

Prediction of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery with fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio: a prospective observational study.

Background: The occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery is common and linked to unfavorable consequences while identifying it in its early stages remains a challenge. The aim of this research was to examine whether the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR), an innovative inflammation-related risk indicator, has the ability to predict the development of AKI in individuals after cardiac surgery.

Methods: Patients who underwent cardiac surgery from February 2023 to March 2023 and were admitted to the Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary teaching hospital were included in this prospective observational study.

IP3R2-mediated Ca release promotes LPS-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis via the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway.

Pyroptosis plays a crucial role in sepsis, and the abnormal handling of myocyte calcium (Ca) has been associated with cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. Specifically, the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 (IP3R2) is a Ca release channel in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the specific role of IP3R2 in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) has not yet been determined.

LSPR sensing for in situ monitoring the Ag dissolution of Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles in biological environments.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively used as an antibacterial agent, and monitoring the dissolution behavior of AgNPs in native biological environments is critical in both optimizing their performance and regulating their safety. However, current assessment methods rely on sophisticated analytical tools that are off-site and time-consuming with potential underestimations, due to complicated sample preparation. Although localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing offers a facile method for the detection of AgNP dissolution, it is limited by low sensitivity and poor nanoparticle stability in native biological environments.