Inverse dose-dependent effects of aripiprazole on sexual dysfunction and prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia.

Aripiprazole, with its distinct pharmacodynamic profile, acts as a partial agonist at dopamine D and serotonin 5-HT receptors and an antagonist at 5-HT receptors, offering a superior safety profile compared to other antipsychotic drugs. The aim of this study was to assess the dose-dependent effects of aripiprazole on sexual dysfunction and prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia. Patients receiving aripiprazole were recruited for this study.

DNMT3A regulates murine megakaryocyte-biased hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are defined by their capacity to regenerate all main components of the peripheral blood, but individual HSCs exhibit a range of preferences for generating downstream cell types. Their propensities are thought to be epigenetically encoded, but few differential regulatory mechanisms have been identified. In this work, we explored the role of the DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) in the megakaryocyte-biased HSC population, which is thought to reside at the top of the hematopoietic hierarchy.

Comparison of an AI Chatbot With a Nurse Hotline in Reducing Anxiety and Depression Levels in the General Population: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots have been customized to deliver on-demand support for people with mental health problems. However, the effectiveness of AI chatbots in tackling mental health problems among the general public in Hong Kong remains unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a local AI chatbot and compare the effectiveness of the AI chatbot with a conventional nurse hotline in reducing the level of anxiety and depression among individuals in Hong Kong.

Balancing Tumor Control and Cartilage Preservation for Patients with Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Around the Knee: A Clinical Report from a Single Institute.

Background: When managing aggressive giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) around the knee joint, surgeons are often caught in a dilemma when determining whether to perform marginal excision or intralesional curettage. The purpose of this study was to report the long-term results of different treatment strategies in our institute.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 64 eligible cases (34 female and 30 male) with a GCTB (37 in the distal femur, 27 in the proximal tibia) treated from 2002 to 2013.

Correction: National income accounting attributes and economic welfare. Evidence from Pakistan.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

OM-VST: A video action recognition model based on optimized downsampling module combined with multi-scale feature fusion.

Video classification, as an essential task in computer vision, aims to identify and label video content using computer technology automatically. However, the current mainstream video classification models face two significant challenges in practical applications: first, the classification accuracy is not high, which is mainly attributed to the complexity and diversity of video data, including factors such as subtle differences between different categories, background interference, and illumination variations; and second, the number of model training parameters is too high resulting in longer training time and increased energy consumption. To solve these problems, we propose the OM-Video Swin Transformer (OM-VST) model.

Ultrasound-Guided Serratus Anterior Plane Block Combined with Modified Parasternal Block in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Auricular Reconstruction Surgery Results in Superior Quality of Recovery Compared to a Standalone Serratus Anterior Plane Block.

Background: Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) and parasternal block (PSB) are used in multimodal analgesia strategies to improve postoperative comfort and recovery. Their combined effectiveness for pediatric auricular reconstruction (AR) patients needs clarification.

Methods: A study was conducted on 100 children aged 8 to 12 undergoing autologous rib cartilage transplant in AR.

Reduced kidney function in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants at preschool age.

Background: Very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants have significant risk factors for adverse health outcomes. Previous studies have focused on neurological, pulmonary, and cardiovascular complications, but the long-term outcomes of other organ functions particularly kidney function warrant further investigation. This prospective study aimed to compare kidney function between VLBW preterm and term infants at 5-6 years of age.

Integrated Device for Cancer Nucleic Acid Biomarker Detection at Body Temperature.

The quantitative analysis of nucleic acid markers is extensively utilized in cancer detection. However, it faces significant challenges, such as the need for specialized detection devices and the inherent complexity of testing procedures. To address these issues, this study proposes a simplified, rapid, and user-friendly platform for cancer nucleic acid marker detection.

Plasma NfL, P-tau181, and P-tau181/Aβ42 Ratio in Predicting Mild Behavioral Impairment in Dementia-Free Multiethnic Asian Older Adults With Mixed Pathology in a 5-Year Clinical Cohort.

The underlying mechanisms of mild behavioral impairment (MBI), a marker for cognitive impairment and dementia, have remained unclear especially in a multiethnic Asian population. The study aimed to examine whether baseline Alzheimer disease biomarkers, including plasma neurofilament light (NfL) chain, phosphorylated tau-181 (p-tau181), and the p-tau181-to-amyloid-β42 (p-tau181/Aβ42) ratio, could predict MBI incidence in dementia-free Asian older adults. Participants were recruited from the community and memory clinics from August 2010 to April 2022.

FEN1-Aided RPA (FARPA) Coupled with Autosampling Microfluidic Chip Enables Highly Multiplexed On-Site Pathogen Screening.

A simple, rapid, low-cost, and multiplex detection platform is crucial for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, especially for on-site pathogen screening. However, current methods are difficult to satisfy the requirements for minimal instrument and multiplexed point-of-care testing (POCT). Herein, we propose a versatile and easy-to-use platform (FARPA-chip) by combining multiplex FARPA with an autosampling microfluidic chip.

Sex-specific prognostic utility of the sarcopenia index in all-cause mortality risk for patients with heart failure.

Background: The sarcopenia index (SI), derived from serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, has emerged as a novel and accessible biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes. However, its sex-specific prognostic utility in heart failure (HF) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between SI and all-cause mortality in HF, with a focus on sex-specific differences.

The neutrophil-to-C3 ratio: unveiling diagnostic efficacy for lupus nephritis and association with reduced retinal vascular density in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) frequently manifests as a significant complication in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, with emerging research indicating a plausible correlation between subclinical retinal involvement and renal manifestations. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the neutrophil-to-C3 ratio (NC3R) and both LN as well as retinal microvasculature damage among SLE patients.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a cohort of 220 participants (78 LN and 142 non-LN) was recruited.

Do we need flexible machine-learning algorithms to assess the effect of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter on mortality?: An example from a Canadian national cohort.

Background: Evidence suggests the existence of nonlinearity in the relationship between long-term fine particulate matter (PM) and mortality, and the methods to flexibly incorporate nonlinearity can be improved. To heuristically evaluate the necessity of incorporating machine-learning algorithms, we compared the benefit of reducing long-term PM on mortality estimated from three analytical methods with varying flexibility and complexity.

Methods: Using a cohort of the Canadian Community Health Survey respondents (followed from 2005 until 2014), we obtained consented respondents' baseline characteristics, time-varying annual average PM in the previous 3 years, yearly income and neighborhood characteristics, and vital status.

Integrated UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, network pharmacology, and transcriptomics to reveal the material basis and mechanism of Schisandra chinensis Fruit Mixture against diabetic nephropathy.

Backgrounds: It has been regarded as an essential treatment option for diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Traditional Chinese medicine. Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-DN efficacy of Schisandra chinensis Fruit Mixture (SM); however, a comprehensive chemical fingerprint is still uncertain, and its mechanism of action, especially the potential therapeutic targets of anti-DN, needs to be further elucidated.

Objective: Potential mechanisms of SM action on DN were explored through network pharmacology and experimental validation.

Correction to "Designing Heat-Resistant and Moldable Polyester Resin by the Integration of Machine Learning Models with Expert Knowledge".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c00036.

Plasma exosomal miRNA expression and gut microbiota dysbiosis are associated with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The gut microbiota composition and the expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) differ significantly from those with normal cognition function. The study aimed to initially explore the relationship between plasma exosomal microRNAs, gut microbiota, and cognitive impairment, providing insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of AD.

Methods: The study enrolled 8 participants with AD and 8 participants with normal cognition.

Nanoparticles alter locust development and behaviour.

Locusts, among the world's most destructive migratory pests, threaten food security by devastating crops and pastures. Conventional chemical insecticides pose environmental and health risks, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. We demonstrate the efficacy of nickel ferrite (NiFeO) nanoparticles (36 ± 10 nm), as a safe, cost-effective insecticide for locust management.

Evolving concepts of low-density lipoprotein: From structure to function.

Background: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a central player in atherogenesis and has long been referred to as 'bad cholesterol.' However, emerging evidence indicates that LDL functions in multifaceted ways beyond cholesterol transport that include roles in inflammation, immunity, and cellular signaling. Understanding LDL's structure, metabolism and function is essential for advancing cardiovascular disease research and therapeutic strategies.

Design of Electrolyte Using Deep Eutectic Solvents for High-Performance Rechargeable Nickel-Iodine Batteries.

Rechargeable nickel-ion batteries (RNiBs) have attracted significant attention because of their high volumetric density, low cost, environmental friendliness, and easy recyclability. In this study, a rechargeable nickel-iodine battery using a rational design of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) electrolyte based on a conversion reaction mechanism is first demonstrated. The rechargeable Ni-I battery with the DES electrolyte delivered a specific capacity of 201 mAh g with a coulombic efficiency of 82.

SuperDecode: an integrated toolkit for analyzing mutations induced by genome editing.

Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas or other systems has become a cornerstone of numerous biological and applied research fields. However, detecting the resulting mutations by analysis of sequencing data remains time-consuming and inefficient. In response to this issue, we designed SuperDecode, an integrated software toolkit for analyzing editing outcomes using a range of sequencing strategies.

Impact of POU3F4 mutation on cochlear development and auditory function.

Background: Hearing loss, a major public health issue, affects 1.33 per 1,000 live births worldwide. Genetic factors contribute to over half of congenital cases, with X-linked inheritance accounting for 1-5%.

Tumor burden score combined with AFP and PIVKA-II (TAP score) to predict the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients after radical liver resection.

Background: Our study aimed to combine the morphological behavior (tumor burden score, TBS) and the biological behavior (AFP and PIVKA-II) to predict the prognosis of HCC patients after radical liver resection.

Methods: A total of 1766 HCC patients were divided into the training cohort (n = 1079) and the validation cohort (n = 687) with a ratio of 6:4. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS).

Chanoclavine synthase operates by an NADPH-independent superoxide mechanism.

More than ten ergot alkaloids comprising both natural and semi-synthetic products are used to treat various diseases. The central C ring forms the core pharmacophore for ergot alkaloids, giving them structural similarity to neurotransmitters, thus enabling their modulation of neurotransmitter receptors. The haem catalase chanoclavine synthase (EasC) catalyses the construction of this ring through complex radical oxidative cyclization.