Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells therapy attenuates activated microglial/macrophage response and improves spatial learning after traumatic brain injury.

Background: Autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (AMNCs) have shown therapeutic promise for central nervous system insults such as stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). We hypothesized that intravenous injection of AMNC provides neuroprotection, which leads to cognitive improvement after TBI.

Methods: A controlled cortical impact (CCI) rodent TBI model was used to examine blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, neuronal and glial apoptosis, as well as cognitive behavior.

Intravenous multipotent adult progenitor cell therapy after traumatic brain injury: modulation of the resident microglia population.

Introduction: We have demonstrated previously that the intravenous delivery of multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) after traumatic brain injury affords neuroprotection via interaction with splenocytes, leading to an increase in systemic anti-inflammatory cytokines. We hypothesize that the observed modulation of the systemic inflammatory milieu is related to T regulatory cells and a subsequent increase in the locoregional neuroprotective M2 macrophage population.

Methods: C57B6 mice were injected with intravenous MAPC 2 and 24 hours after controlled cortical impact injury.