Publications by authors named "Chelsea McMullen"
Background: Influenza burden varies across seasons, partly due to differences in circulating influenza virus types or subtypes. Using data from the US population-based surveillance system, Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET), we aimed to assess the severity of influenza-associated outcomes in individuals hospitalised with laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infections during the 2010-11 to 2018-19 influenza seasons.
Methods: To evaluate the association between influenza virus type or subtype causing the infection (influenza A H3N2, A H1N1pdm09, and B viruses) and in-hospital severity outcomes (intensive care unit [ICU] admission, use of mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO], and death), we used FluSurv-NET to capture data for laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalisations from the 2010-11 to 2018-19 influenza seasons for individuals of all ages living in select counties in 13 US states.
From surveillance data of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza in the United States during the 2015-2016 through 2018-2019 seasons, initiation of antiviral treatment increased from 86% to 94%, with increases seen across all age groups. However, 62% started therapy ≥3 days after illness onset, driven by late presentation to care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: With the emergence of the delta variant, the United States experienced a rapid increase in Covid-19 cases in 2021. We estimated the risk of breakthrough infection and death by month of vaccination as a proxy for waning immunity during a period of delta variant predominance.
Methods: Covid-19 case and death data from 15 U.
Background: Pregnant women may be at increased risk for severe influenza-associated outcomes.
Objective: To describe characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized pregnant women with influenza.
Design: Repeated cross-sectional study.
Hospital-acquired influenza in the United States, FluSurv-NET, 2011-2012 through 2018-2019.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
October 2022
Objective: To estimate population-based rates and to describe clinical characteristics of hospital-acquired (HA) influenza.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: US Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET) during 2011-2012 through 2018-2019 seasons.
COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infection surveillance helps monitor trends in disease incidence and severe outcomes in fully vaccinated persons, including the impact of the highly transmissible B.1.617.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Racial and ethnic minority groups, such as Black, Hispanic, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander persons, often experience higher rates of severe influenza disease.
Objective: To describe rates of influenza-associated hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and in-hospital death by race and ethnicity over 10 influenza seasons.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data from the Influenza-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET), which conducts population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations in selected counties, representing approximately 9% of the US population.
Article Synopsis
- Clinical trials show that COVID-19 vaccines authorized for use in the U.S. (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson) are highly effective against symptomatic disease.
- Real-world studies of over 7,000 patients indicate that these vaccines are particularly effective in preventing hospitalizations among adults aged 65 and older.
- Specifically, vaccine effectiveness rates in preventing hospitalizations during early 2021 ranged from 84% to 96% depending on the vaccine type and age group, highlighting the importance of increasing vaccination coverage among older adults to lower hospitalization risks.
Most COVID-19-associated hospitalizations occur in older adults, but severe disease that requires hospitalization occurs in all age groups, including adolescents aged 12-17 years (1). On May 10, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration expanded the Emergency Use Authorization for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to include persons aged 12-15 years, and CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended it for this age group on May 12, 2021.* Before that time, COVID-19 vaccines had been available only to persons aged ≥16 years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Influenza may contribute to the burden of acute cardiovascular events during annual influenza epidemics.
Objective: To examine acute cardiovascular events and determine risk factors for acute heart failure (aHF) and acute ischemic heart disease (aIHD) in adults with a hospitalization associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza.
Design: Cross-sectional study.