Intracellular vesicle clusters are organelles that synthesize extracellular vesicle-associated cargo proteins in yeast.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in cell-cell communication. In budding yeast (), EVs function as carriers to transport cargo proteins into the periplasm for storage during glucose starvation. However, intracellular organelles that synthesize these EV-associated cargo proteins have not been identified.

The Shape of Vesicle-Containing Organelles Is Critical for Their Functions in Vesicle Endocytosis.

Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by a variety of cell types under physiological and pathological conditions. When Saccharomyces cerevisiae are grown in low glucose, small vesicles carrying more than 300 proteins with diverse biological functions are secreted. Upon glucose addition, secreted vesicles are endocytosed that requires cup-shaped organelles containing the major eisosome protein Pil1p at the rims.

Yeast as a Model System to Study Trafficking of Small Vesicles Carrying Signal-less Proteins In and Out of the Cell.

Exosomes are small vesicles that are released from a variety of cells and are involved in cell-to-cell communication. In humans, exosomes are detected in the plasma, urine, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid. These vesicles carry multiple cargo proteins, as well as microRNA that affect the transcription of target genes.