Hepatocyte transplant represents a treatment for metabolic disorders but is limited by immunogenicity. Our prior work identified the critical role of CD8 T cells, with or without CD4 T cell help, in mediating hepatocyte rejection. In this study, we evaluated the influence of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, uniquely abundant in the liver, upon CD8-mediated immune responses in the presence and absence of CD4 T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough almost all mycobacterial species are saprophytic environmental organisms, a few, such as , have evolved to cause transmissible human infection. By analyzing the recent emergence and spread of the environmental organism through the global cystic fibrosis population, we have defined key, generalizable steps involved in the pathogenic evolution of mycobacteria. We show that epigenetic modifiers, acquired through horizontal gene transfer, cause saltational increases in the pathogenic potential of specific environmental clones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF