Publications by authors named "Chelsea Liu"
Purpose: Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is a trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2-directed antibody-drug conjugate with a highly potent topoisomerase I inhibitor payload. The TROPION-Lung05 phase II trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04484142) evaluated the safety and clinical activity of Dato-DXd in patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with actionable genomic alterations progressing on or after targeted therapy and platinum-based chemotherapy.
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- * The study analyzed data from three cohort studies to emulate trials examining the effects of starting antihypertensive medication on the incidence of dementia, while checking for potential biases in the methods used.
- * Results revealed inconsistent and imprecise links between antihypertensive medication initiation and dementia risk, raising concerns about residual confounding, which makes it difficult to draw solid conclusions about the relationship between these medications and dementia onset.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how mid-life social relationships influence the link between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) markers seen in MRI scans and the risk of developing dementia in older adults.
- Researchers evaluated participants from the ARIC Study, examining their social support and isolation, and then later assessed CSVD measures and dementia cases over time.
- Results indicated that poor social relationships intensified the association between white matter hyperintensity volume and dementia risk, with a notably higher hazard ratio for those with weak social ties compared to those with strong relationships.
Social relationships, amyloid burden, and dementia: The ARIC-PET study.
Alzheimers Dement (Amst)
April 2024
Article Synopsis
- This study explores how social relationships in mid-life might lower the risk of developing dementia related to brain amyloid levels.
- Participants from the ARIC study were evaluated for their social support and isolation, with brain amyloid assessed later using advanced imaging.
- Results indicated that strong social connections in mid-life were linked to a reduced risk of dementia, even though they didn't change the effect of amyloid levels on dementia risk.
Article Synopsis
- Abnormal regulation of blood pressure (BP) when standing up can lead to reduced blood flow to the brain and may increase the risk of dementia, which could serve as an early indicator of neurodegenerative processes.
- A study analyzed BP changes and reports of dizziness related to standing in a large cohort over nearly 26 years, finding that significant drops in systolic BP shortly after standing were linked to a higher likelihood of developing dementia.
- Results suggest that monitoring sudden drops in BP upon standing might be important in identifying individuals at risk of dementia, indicating a need for increased clinical awareness regarding transient orthostatic hypotension.
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted to explore the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and brain amyloid accumulation, a key biomarker for Alzheimer's disease, among participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
- Researchers estimated participants' air pollution exposure over a 10-year period and measured brain amyloid levels using PET scans on 346 individuals without dementia.
- The results indicated no significant link between long-term exposure to various air pollutants and brain amyloid positivity, suggesting air pollution might affect cognitive health in ways not directly tied to amyloid accumulation.
Introduction: Lower education is associated with higher burden of vascular risk factors in mid-life and higher risk of dementia in late life. We aim to understand the causal mechanism through which vascular risk factors potentially mediate the relationship between education and dementia.
Methods: In a cohort of 13,368 Black and White older adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, we assessed the relationship between education (grade school, high school without graduation, high school graduate or equivalent, college, graduate/professional school) and dementia among all participants and among those with incident stroke.
Background: Little is known about the impact of prevalent dementia on in-hospital outcomes of patients with incident stroke in China. Using data from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance (CSCA), we aim to quantify the prevalence of pre-stroke dementia and whether this group is at higher risk of adverse in-hospital outcomes compared to those without pre-stroke dementia.
Methods: We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess the associations between pre-stroke dementia and ambulation by day 2, in-hospital mortality, in-hospital complications, and being discharged home.
Importance: Some individuals experience persistent symptoms after initial symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (often referred to as Long COVID).
Objective: To estimate the proportion of males and females with COVID-19, younger or older than 20 years of age, who had Long COVID symptoms in 2020 and 2021 and their Long COVID symptom duration.
Design, Setting, And Participants: Bayesian meta-regression and pooling of 54 studies and 2 medical record databases with data for 1.
Background: Higher risk of dementia among racial/ethnic minorities compared to White populations in the U.S. has been attributed to life-course exposures to adverse conditions such as lower educational attainment, but most studies have not considered additional disparities in education quality.
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- Stroke is a major health issue in China, showing an increase in hospital admissions and risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes between 2005 and 2015.
- An extensive study analyzed over 28,000 stroke admissions from 189 hospitals, revealing improvements in patient management and a decrease in hospital discharge against medical advice.
- Despite progress, disparities in treatment between rural and urban hospitals still exist, although they have narrowed over the years.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to compare the likelihood of young adults (<50 years) receiving intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) versus older adults (≥50 years) and assess treatment times.
- Data from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance registry showed that a higher percentage of young adults received IV tPA compared to older adults, but both groups had similar treatment times.
- Young adults demonstrated better in-hospital outcomes, showing lower in-hospital mortality and higher chances of independent ambulation at discharge than older adults, likely influenced by differences in stroke severity.
Importance: While much of the attention on the COVID-19 pandemic was directed at the daily counts of cases and those with serious disease overwhelming health services, increasingly, reports have appeared of people who experience debilitating symptoms after the initial infection. This is popularly known as long COVID.
Objective: To estimate by country and territory of the number of patients affected by long COVID in 2020 and 2021, the severity of their symptoms and expected pattern of recovery.
Introduction: There are no standard practices for considering sensory impairment in studies measuring cognitive function among older adults. Exclusion of participants with impairments may inaccurately estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia.
Methods: We surveyed prospective cohort studies measuring cognitive function in older adults, determined the proportion that excluded participants based on sensory impairment and the proportion that assessed each type of sensory impairment, and described the methods of sensory assessment.
Objectives: Positive caregiver adaptation over time may be associated with reports of positive aspects of caregiving (PAC). We examined differences in PAC by caregiving duration and social engagement, controlling for measures of distress.
Methods: Participants included 283 African American or White caregivers from the Caregiving Transitions Study with a wide range of caregiving durations.
Background: Previous assessments of sex differences for patients with acute ischemic stroke were limited in a specific region or population, narrow scope, or small sample size.
Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized in the China Stroke Center Alliance hospitals were analyzed. Absolute standardized differences (ASDs) were used to assess sex differences in vascular risk factors, guideline-recommended in-hospital management measures and outcomes, including stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale≥16), death/discharge against medical advice, major adverse cardiovascular events, pneumonia, and disability (modified Rankin Scale≥3).
Background: Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is crucial for secondary stroke prevention in stroke patients with preexisting cardiovascular diseases (CVD) or cerebrovascular diseases (CeVD). However, data on attainment of guideline-recommended LDL-C levels are lacking.
Methods: We analyzed data from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance (CSCA) program for patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) hospitalized between August 2015 and July 2019.
Importance: Stroke represents a significant burden on the health care system of China. The Chinese Stroke Center Alliance was launched in 2015 to monitor and improve care quality and outcomes for patients with acute stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA).
Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, management, and in-hospital clinical outcomes and complications among patients with stroke or TIA in China.
Article Synopsis
- A study in Beijing, China, explored the barriers to medication adherence for stroke patients, highlighting the complexities of adherence in low- and middle-income settings.
- The research involved 36 participants, including patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers, and identified four key themes affecting medication adherence: patient knowledge and attitudes, insufficient interaction time with providers, lack of healthcare coordination, and high costs due to limited insurance.
- The findings suggest that addressing these barriers could lead to policy reforms and practice improvements, which could be applied to similar challenges in other urban areas of low- and middle-income countries.
Article Synopsis
- Adherence to oral anticoagulants (OACs) is essential for preventing ischemic stroke and thromboembolism in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation, but OAC usage is underreported in China.
- This study evaluates adherence to OAC prescriptions according to established guidelines, tracks changes in adherence over time, and identifies risk factors affecting OAC use among patients in Chinese hospitals.
- Analysis included over 35,000 patients and revealed that the percentage of those on OACs increased from 14.3% in 2015 to 21.1% by 2019, highlighting a significant trend toward better adherence to guideline recommendations.
Article Synopsis
- Prior stroke increases future stroke risks, and effective secondary prevention medications can significantly lower these risks; adherence to these medications is generally better when caregivers are involved, but long-term adherence rates are less understood.
- A study analyzing the effects of race and sex on medication adherence among stroke survivors involved 172 participants, including 36% Black individuals, who had medications recorded at discharge and 9.8 months later.
- While initial prescription rates for antithrombotics, lipid-lowers, and antihypertensives were high across racial and sex groups, one year later, Black survivors showed a significantly higher rate of discontinuing antithrombotics compared to Whites, indicating ongoing disparities in medication adherence.
Article Synopsis
- The study emphasizes the importance of medication adherence for secondary prevention in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or TIA in China to reduce the risk of future strokes and other serious health issues.
- Researchers categorized patients based on their persistence with medications and found significant differences in health outcomes, with higher persistence linked to lower rates of recurrent strokes and death.
- Results indicate that maintaining adherence to prescribed medication not only reduces mortality rates but also decreases the likelihood of disability, underscoring the need for effective secondary prevention strategies.
Background And Purpose: Life's Simple 7 (LS7) is a metric for cardiovascular health based on the 7 domains of smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose. Because they may be targeted for secondary prevention purposes, we hypothesized that stroke survivors would experience improvement in LS7 score over time compared with people who did not experience a stroke. We addressed this hypothesis in the REGARDS study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) cohort of Black and White adults enrolled between 2003 and 2007.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims And Objectives: To explore the experience of parenting for younger stroke survivors (aged 18 to 64 years at the time of the stroke).
Background: Stroke among younger adults increased 43% between 2000 and 2010. The social, emotional and physical functioning of younger adults affects multiple aspects of their lives including parenting.