Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE4) is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE4 carriers display altered whole-body metabolism, including increased blood glucose and inuslin. Although conditions affecting whole-body metabolism like obesity and diabetes are AD risk factors, knowledge regarding the contribution of peripheral tissues to this effect is minimal.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Altered liver function and dysregulated metabolism are emerging risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This includes genetic variation in apolipoprotein E (APOE), which is the strongest genetic risk determinant for AD. APOE is highly secreted by hepatocytes in the liver and astrocytes in the brain and plays a significant role in lipid homeostasis and metabolic function.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Impaired metabolic function and mitochondrial metabolism increase risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) development, which is the leading form of dementia and one of the main causes of death in older adults. Altered mitochondrial function can reduce efficiency of cellular maintenance processes like mitophagy and proteostasis, leading to protein aggregation and cytotoxicity. Mitochondria differ from other organelles, as they have their own unique genetic component (mtDNA), which encodes proteins essential for mitochondrial translation and oxidative metabolism.

The evaluation of video-assisted debriefing for improving performance in simulated medical student resuscitations.

Objectives: Simulation-based training is commonly used in medical education. However, there is a gap in knowledge regarding best practices in debriefing. We aimed to identify novel solutions to this by adapting video-assisted debriefing (VAD) methodologies used in athletic training.

Acute exercise alters brain glucose metabolism in aging and Alzheimer's disease.

There is evidence that aerobic exercise improves brain health. Benefits may be modulated by acute physiological responses to exercise, but this has not been well characterized in older or cognitively impaired adults. The randomized controlled trial 'AEROBIC' (NCT04299308) enrolled 60 older adults who were cognitively healthy (n = 30) or cognitively impaired (n = 30) to characterize the acute brain responses to moderate [45-55% heart rate reserve (HRR)] and higher (65-75% HRR) intensity acute exercise.

Methods to characterize lactate turnover in aging and Alzheimer's disease; The LEAN study.

Background: There is evidence that chronic exercise can benefit the brain, but the effects vary markedly between studies. One potential mechanism for exercise-related benefit is the increase in systemic lactate concentration that is well-characterized to occur during exercise. Lactate is known to cross the blood brain barrier and can be used readily as a fuel for neurons.

Evaluating Stuttering Self-Stigma and Its Relationship to Adverse Impact in Children and Adolescents With the Child Stuttering Self-Stigma Scale.

Purpose: Self-stigma occurs when a person internalizes and applies stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination to themselves. For adults who stutter, self-stigma is linked to negative outcomes and reduced quality of life. The development of self-stigma in people who stutter is not well understood.

Priority influences task selection decisions in multi-task management.

The role of task priority on task selection in multi-task management is unclear based on prior work, leading to a common finding of 'priority neglect'. However, properties such as urgency and conflict may influence whether operators weigh priority in their decision. We examined the role of instructed task prioritization, bolstered by more urgent and conflicting conditions, on how operators select among emergent, concurrent tasks when multitasking.

Heat Therapy Can Improve Hepatic Mitochondrial Function and Glucose Control.

This review proposes the novel hypothesis that heat can be used as an alternative therapy to exercise to improve hepatic mitochondrial function and glucose regulation in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Although exercise has proven benefits in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, barriers to exercise in the majority of patients necessitate an alternative method of treatment.

Tract profiles of the cerebellar peduncles in children who stutter.

Cerebellar-cortical loops comprise critical neural circuitry that supports self-initiated movements and motor adjustments in response to perceived errors, functions that are affected in stuttering. It is unknown whether structural aspects of cerebellar circuitry are affected in stuttering, particularly in children close to symptom onset. Here we examined white matter diffusivity characteristics of the three cerebellar peduncles (CPs) based on diffusion MRI (dMRI) data collected from 41 children who stutter (CWS) and 42 controls in the 3-11 years range.

Developmental Factors That Predict Head Movement During Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 3-7-Year-Old Stuttering and Non-stuttering Children.

Early childhood marks a period of dynamic neurocognitive development. Preschool-age coincides with the onset of many childhood disorders and is a developmental period that is frequently studied to determine markers of neurodevelopmental disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to explore typical brain development and the neural bases of neurodevelopmental disorders.

A Preliminary Investigation of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Characteristics in Adults Who Stutter.

Purpose Recent studies have shown that many children who stutter may have elevated characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although childhood ADHD commonly persists into adulthood, it is unclear how many adults who stutter experience aspects of ADHD (e.g.

Feasibility of a Weight Management Program Tailored for Overweight Men with Localized Prostate Cancer - A Pilot Study.

Background: Overweight men with prostate cancer are more likely to suffer from recurrence and death following prostatectomy compared with healthy weight men. This study tested the feasibility of delivering a comprehensive program to foster weight loss before and weight maintenance after surgery in overweight men with localized prostate cancer.

Methods: Twenty overweight men scheduled for prostatectomy elected either the intervention ( = 15) or the nonintervention ( = 5).

Usual Dietary Intake and Adherence to Dietary Recommendations among Southwest American-Indian Youths at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: American Indians are disproportionately affected by obesity and diabetes, and American-Indian youths have the highest prevalence of obesity and diabetes among all ethnic groups in the USA.

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to assess the usual dietary intake in American-Indian youths who attended a wellness camp program; adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 (DGA) and to the Healthy People 2020 Objectives; and to compare pre- and postcamp reported diets.

Methods: A total of six 24-h dietary recalls were conducted in person with American-Indian youths (aged 10-15 y;  = 26) from 3 different Southwest tribes.

Framing the Legalization of Marriage for Same-Sex Couples: An Examination of News Coverage Surrounding the U.S. Supreme Court's Landmark Decision.

In June 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court made a landmark decision to legalize marriage for same-sex couples amid nationwide debate and media coverage of this controversial issue.

Prenatal Diagnosis and Successful Palliation of Absent Aortic Valve with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

 Congenital absence of the aortic valve leaflets is a rare association with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS).  A 37-year-old pregnant woman was referred for fetal evaluation of possible HLHS at 22 weeks of gestation. The fetal echocardiogram (ECHO) was remarkable for a hypoplastic left atrium, nearly atretic mitral valve, small left ventricle, and a hypoplastic aortic valve with severe aortic insufficiency.

Field-grown miR156 transgenic switchgrass reproduction, yield, global gene expression analysis, and bioconfinement.

Background: Genetic engineering has been effective in altering cell walls for biofuel production in the bioenergy crop, switchgrass (). However, regulatory issues arising from gene flow may prevent commercialization of engineered switchgrass in the eastern United States where the species is native. Depending on its expression level, microRNA156 (miR156) can reduce, delay, or eliminate flowering, which may serve to decrease transgene flow.

Light and temperature effects on miR156 transgenic switchgrass flowering: A simulated latitudinal study.

The control of flowering in perennial grasses is an important trait, especially among biofuel feedstocks. Lignocellulosic biomass may be increased commensurate with decreased or delayed flowering as the plant allocates energy for stems and leaves harvested for bioenergy at the end of the growing season. For transgenic feedstocks, such as switchgrass ( L.

Systematic genomic and translational efficiency studies of uveal melanoma.

To further our understanding of the somatic genetic basis of uveal melanoma, we sequenced the protein-coding regions of 52 primary tumors and 3 liver metastases together with paired normal DNA. Known recurrent mutations were identified in GNAQ, GNA11, BAP1, EIF1AX, and SF3B1. The role of mutated EIF1AX was tested using loss of function approaches including viability and translational efficiency assays.

The Capability of Raman Microspectroscopy to Differentiate Printing Inks.

This study applies Raman microspectroscopy to differentiate the chemical components in printing inks of different brands, colors, and type using the 532 nm and 785 nm excitation wavelengths. Spectra were collected from 319 inks (78 inkjet, 76 toner, 79 offset, and 86 intaglio) representing various colors. Comparisons were performed to calculate discrimination capability percentages for each ink type.

Pollen-mediated gene flow from transgenic to non-transgenic switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) in the field.

Background: Switchgrass is C perennial grass species that is being developed as a cellulosic bioenergy feedstock. It is wind-pollinated and considered to be an obligate outcrosser. Genetic engineering has been used to alter cell walls for more facile bioprocessing and biofuel yield.