Inequities Associated With Advanced Stage at Presentation of Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Social determinants of health (SDoH) are defined by a wide range of factors (eg, built environment, economic stability, education level, discrimination, racism, access to health care). Advanced stage at presentation or delayed diagnosis heavily influences health outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). While the drivers of advanced-stage presentation come from a multitude of sources, SDoH plays an outsized role.

Six-week postoperative opioid use and pain following a randomized controlled trial evaluating multimodal analgesia for head and neck free flap patients.

Introduction: Head and neck malignancy treatment often involves invasive surgeries, necessitating effective postoperative pain control. However, chronic reliance on opioid medications remains a challenge for many patients after surgery. Multimodal analgesia (MMA) within enhanced recovery after surgery protocols has shown success in limiting narcotic pain medications for other cancer types.

Impact of Adjuvant Radiotherapy Setting on Quality-of-Life in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: To determine differences in post-treatment QoL across treatment settings in patients receiving adjuvant radiation therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study of patients with HNSCC initially evaluated in a head and neck surgical oncologic and reconstructive clinic at an academic medical center (AMC). Participants were enrolled prior to treatment in a prospective registry collecting demographic, social, and clinical data.

Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Preoperative Counseling for Head and Neck Cancer Surgery.

Objective: To evaluate the potential use of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, such as ChatGPT, in preoperative counseling for patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery.

Study Design: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

Setting: Single institution tertiary care center.

Treatment failure patterns are similar between p16- and p16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

Background: The incidence of p16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has been increasing. The notion that p16+ OPSCC has a propensity for atypical and disseminating metastasis has gained traction. We compared treatment failure patterns in p16+ and p16- OPSCC and evaluated survival impact.

Impact of AJCC 8th edition staging system and definitive treatment choice on the prognosis of complete responders with p16+ and p16- oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.

Objectives: To identify predictors of overall survival (OS) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients who achieved complete response (CR).

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of OPSCC patients who achieved CR from a single academic medical center. Associations between OS, AJCC 8th edition staging system, definitive treatment choice, smoking history, and p16 status were assessed.

Impact of p16 Status and Anatomical Site in Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy-Treated Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients.

In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), anti-PD-1 inhibitors are approved for recurrent/metastatic (R/M) disease and anticipated to expand to other indications. The impact of p16 status and anatomical site on overall survival (OS) in immunotherapy-treated HNSCC patients remains unresolved. We performed a retrospective analysis of R/M HNSCC patients receiving anti-PD-1 immunotherapy at our academic medical center with an extensive community satellite network.

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) induces ventricular arrhythmias and prolongs QTc interval in mice in an FGF receptor 4-dependent manner.

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphate regulating protein hormone released by osteocytes. FGF23 becomes markedly elevated in chronic kidney disease (CKD), for which the leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease, particularly sudden cardiac death. Previously, we found that FGF23 increases intracellular Ca in cardiomyocytes and alters contractility in mouse ventricles ex vivo via FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4).

Initiation of a Night Float System in an Otolaryngology Residency: Resident Perception and Impact on Operative Volume.

Objectives: Evaluate resident perception on implementation of a night float (NF) system to an otolaryngology residency program. We compared these perceptions to Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) case log data.

Methods: A retrospective anonymous survey was sent to residents and alumni graduating between 2015 and 2023.

Tracheostomy in the pediatric trisomy 21 population.

Introduction: Tracheostomy in children is often performed to alleviate airway obstruction (AO) or to facilitate long-term ventilator support due to respiratory failure of various etiologies, such as heart failure, and postoperative respiratory failure. Although many of these pathologies are common among trisomy 21 patients, tracheostomy rates among this population have not previously been reported. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence of trisomy 21 patients undergoing tracheostomy.

Cancellous Tibial Bone Graft for Malunion after Mandibular Reconstruction in Head and Neck Cancer.

Objectives/hypothesis: While nonunion after mandibular reconstruction for head and neck surgery is rare, literature exploring management is scarce. Our primary objective was to determine success rates of tibial bone graft (TBG) in achieving mandibular union. Secondary objectives include determining factors that contribute to failure of TBG.

Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Patients Undergoing Free Flap Reconstruction.

Objectives/hypothesis: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between antibiotic prophylaxis and prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) in patients undergoing head and neck cancer reconstruction.

Study Design: Retrospective Chart Review.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients who underwent head and neck free flap reconstruction at our institution between 2009 to 2016.

Improving efficiency in epistaxis transfers in a large health system: Analyzing emergency department treatment variability as pretext for a clinical care pathway.

Introduction: Epistaxis is a common condition with an estimated $100 million in health care costs annually. A significant portion of this stems from Emergency Department (ED) management and hospital transfers. Currently there is no data in the literature clearly depicting the differences in treatment of epistaxis between Emergency Medicine (EM) physicians and Otolaryngologists.

Beyond the USMLE: The STAR Algorithm for Initial Residency Applicant Screening and Interview Selection.

Background: Efficient, nonbiased methods for screening residency candidates are lacking. The purpose of this study is to highlight the design, implementation, and impact of the Selection Tool for Applicants to Residency (STAR), an objective approach to selecting candidates to interview for residency selection purposes.

Materials And Methods: Single-institution retrospective cohort study of medical student applicants and current residents of a single otolaryngology residency program from 2008 to 2015 was performed.

Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Discharge Status of Patients with Uncomplicated Transsphenoidal Adenohypophysectomy.

 The number of transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomies (TSAs) surgeries has grown significantly since 1993. While there has been an overall decreasing trend in length of stay (LOS), socioeconomic factors may impact hospitalization. This study explores the impact of socioeconomic factors on LOS and total charges in uncomplicated patients undergoing TSA.

Necrotizing epiglottitis treated with early surgical debridement: A case report.

Objective: Necrotizing supraglottitis is a rare but potentially morbid infection most often seen in immunocompromised patients. All reported cases have utilized intravenous antibiotic therapy as the mainstay of treatment and many have had associated morbidities.

Methods: We describe a case of a 50-year-old previously healthy female who presented with necrotizing epiglottis and was treated with immediate surgical debridement followed by directed antibiotic therapy.

Eyebrow Position After Paramedian Forehead Flap Nasal Reconstruction.

This study compared preoperative and postoperative photographs of patients who underwent nasal reconstruction with paramedian forehead flaps to analyze differences in eyebrow position.

Practice Patterns of Referring Physicians in Management of the Dysphonic Patient.

Objective Dysphonia is commonly encountered by primary care physicians and general otolaryngologists. We examine practice patterns of referring physicians to a tertiary voice clinic, including adherence to evidence-based guidelines. Study Design Retrospective case series with chart review.

Outcomes after free tissue transfer for composite oral cavity resections involving skin.

Background: Resections involving oral cavity mucosa, bone, and skin present a unique challenge. Optimizing outcomes often requires technically demanding reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate outcomes of several reconstructive approaches for patients with composite through-and-through defects, with a focus on the osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap (RFFF).

Infection rates of MRSA in complicated pediatric rhinosinusitis: An up to date review.

Introduction: Published studies have reported a rise in MRSA isolates in head and neck infections, but the microbiology of complicated pediatric rhinosinusitis is unclear. One study of such patients showed that MRSA isolates were seen only in the last three years of data collection, suggesting a possible recent increased prevalence. Given the public health concerns of increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance, the goal of this study was to investigate the microbiologic patterns and outcomes of complicated pediatric rhinosinusitis.

Work-related musculoskeletal symptoms among otolaryngologists by subspecialty: A national survey.

Objective: Given the high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms, increased appreciation for workplace ergonomics is critical. The purpose of this study is to assess work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and injury among otolaryngologists across subspecialties, as well as to quantify the understanding and application of ergonomic principles in the operating room.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Otolaryngology Residency Program Research Resources and Scholarly Productivity.

Objective To delineate research resources available to otolaryngology residents and their impact on scholarly productivity. Study Design Survey of current otolaryngology program directors. Setting Otolaryngology residency programs.

The Role of the Away Rotation in Otolaryngology Residency.

Objective To determine the availability and purpose of away rotations during otolaryngology residency. Study Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Otolaryngology residency programs.