Multiagent DDOS attack detection model: Optimal trained hybrid classifier and entropy-based mitigation process.

This study proposes a novel multi-agent system designed to detect Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, addressing the increasing need for robust cybersecurity measures. The hypothesis posits that a structured multi-agent approach can enhance detection accuracy and response efficiency in DDoS attack scenarios. The methodology involves a five-stage detection model: (1) Preprocessing using a modified double sigmoid normalization technique to eliminate duplicate data; (2) Feature Extraction where raw data and improved correlation-based features, mutual information, and statistical features are identified; (3) Dimensionality Reduction conducted by a reducer agent to streamline the feature set; (4) Classification utilizing Deep Belief Networks (DBN), Bi-LSTM, and Deep Maxout models, with their weights optimally tuned using the hybrid optimization algorithm, WUJSO; and (5) Decision Making by the decision agent to ascertain the presence of attacks, followed by mitigation through modified entropy-based techniques.

Two additional new species of Clypeocaenis Soldán, 1978 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from the Western Ghats of Peninsular India.

Two new mayfly species of Clypeocaenis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) are described based on nymphal and adult characters from Kaveri River, Kodagu, Karnataka, Southern India. The main characteristics that distinguish Clypeocaenis kaveri sp. nov.

Two new species of Clypeocaenis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Western Ghats, Southern India.

Two new species of Clypeocaenis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) are described from Gayathripuzha River, Kerala, and Tunga River, Karnataka, Southern India. The species are best distinguished from congeners based on leg and gill characteristics, as follows. Clypeocaenis gayathri sp.

A new mayfly species of Rhoenanthus (Ephemeroptera: Potamanthidae) from Peninsular India.

A new mayfly species, Rhoenanthus (Rhoenanthus) tungaiensis sp. nov. is described and characterized at the larval stage by fore tibiae relatively long with dense hair like setae on dorsal and lateral surface, male compound eyes large, mandibular tusks 0.

Hierarchical dynamics influence the distribution of immature black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae).

Adult black flies (Simuliidae) are medically important insects and they are the sole vector of Onchocerca volvulus. Immature black flies are major components of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages in streams and play a vital role in nutrient dynamics. In this study, we examined effect of hierarchical dynamics (spatio-temporal pattern) on the distribution of immature black flies in South Indian streams.