Differences in Bone Metabolism between Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome during Growth Hormone Treatment and Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study.

Despite therapy with growth hormone (GH) in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), low bone mineral density and various orthopedic deformities have been observed often. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze bone markers, with an emphasis on vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs), in normal-weight children with PWS undergoing GH therapy and a low-energy dietary intervention. Twenty-four children with PWS and 30 healthy children of the same age were included.

Assessment of Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers in Polish Healthy Children and Adolescents.

Background: Assessing bone turnover in paediatric populations is crucial for understanding the physiological changes occurring during skeletal development and identifying potential abnormalities. The objective of this study was to assess osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) levels reflecting bone formation and resorption for age and sex in Polish healthy children and adolescents.

Materials And Methods: A total of 355 healthy normal-weight children and adolescents (46.

Abdominal Obesity in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Relationship with Diet, Physical Activity and Insulin Resistance: A Pilot Study.

Abdominal obesity is a common feature of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and it is known to exacerbate insulin resistance (IR). Improper dietary and physical activity patterns are crucial environmental factors involved in the development of obesity, and they can significantly influence the central deposition of adipose tissue. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between abdominal adiposity (measured by VAT (visceral adipose tissue), SAT (subcutaneous adipose tissue), VAT/SAT ratio (visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio), and WHR (waist-to-hip ratio)) and the prevalence and odds ratios of IR (measured by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the homeostatic model assessment-adiponectin (HOMA-AD) and leptin to adiponectin ratio (L/A ratio)) in 56 PCOS women.

Physical Activity, Rather Than Diet, Is Linked to Lower Insulin Resistance in PCOS Women-A Case-Control Study.

Insulin resistance (IR) is a prominent feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The importance of lifestyle interventions in the management of PCOS is strongly highlighted and it is suggested that diet and physical activity may significantly influence insulin sensitivity. Therefore, we evaluated the link between diet and physical activity and various indices of insulin resistance, including adipokines secreted by the adipose tissue in 56 PCOS and 33 healthy control women.

Associations between Oxidant/Antioxidant Status and Circulating Adipokines in Non-Obese Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome.

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), but there are no data on these disorders in non-obese children with PWS. Therefore, the presented study examined total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the oxidative stress index (OSI), and adipokine levels in 22 non-obese children with PWS during dietary intervention and growth hormone treatment compared with 25 non-obese healthy children. Serum concentrations of TOC, TAC, nesfatin-1, leptin, hepcidin, ferroportin, and ferritin were determined using immunoenzymatic methods.

Dietary Intake and Circulating Amino Acid Concentrations in Relation with Bone Metabolism Markers in Children Following Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diets.

Scientific studies reported that most vegetarians meet the total protein requirements; however, little is known about their amino acid intakes. We aimed to assess dietary intake and serum amino acid levels in relation to bone metabolism markers in prepubertal children on vegetarian and traditional diets. Data from 51 vegetarian and 25 omnivorous children aged 4-9 years were analyzed.

Antioxidant Defense Expressed as Glutathione Status and Keap1-Nrf2 System Action in Relation to Anthropometric Parameters and Body Composition in Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Metabolic disorders present in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the associated risk of obesity may result in increased oxidative stress and reproductive failure. Therefore, we evaluated the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reductase (GR), as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associating protein1 (Keap1) in the serum of 56 women with PCOS divided according to the visceral to subcutaneous fat surface ratio (VAT/SAT) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) values. Antioxidant parameter levels were measured by competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique.

Assessment of Oxidant and Antioxidant Status in Prepubertal Children following Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diets.

Oxidant-antioxidant balance is crucial for maintaining one's health, and the diet is possibly one of the most important factors affecting this balance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the oxidant-antioxidant balance in children on a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet. The study was conducted between January 2020 and December 2021.

Circulating Levels of Nesfatin-1 and Spexin in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome during Growth Hormone Treatment and Dietary Intervention.

Background: Despite observable improvement in the treatment outcomes of patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), adequate weight control is still a clinical problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the profiles of neuroendocrine peptides regulating appetite-mainly nesfatin-1 and spexin-in children with PWS undergoing growth hormone treatment and reduced energy intake.

Methods: Twenty-five non-obese children (aged 2-12 years) with PWS and 30 healthy children of the same age following an unrestricted age-appropriate diet were examined.

Relationships between Body Weight Status and Serum Levels of Adipokine, Myokine and Bone Metabolism Parameters in Healthy Normal Weight and Thin Children.

Optimal body weight and body composition for age are relevant to child development and healthy life. Changes in lean mass and fat mass as well as its distribution are associated with alterations in the secretion of myokines and adipokines by muscle and adipose tissues. These factors are very important for bone health.

Oxidative and Antioxidative Status Expressed as OSI Index and GSH/GSSG Ratio in Children with Bone Tumors after Anticancer Therapy Completion.

Aims. There are no data on the redox status of children with bone tumors in complete disease remission. Therefore, the presented study examined the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, total oxidant capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values as well as the oxidative stress index (OSI) for assessing alterations in the oxidant/antioxidant balance in 35 children with osteosarcoma or Ewing’s sarcoma after anticancer therapy completion (median 14 months) compared with a control group.

Influence of Oxidative Stress Generated by Smoking during Pregnancy on Glutathione Status in Mother-Newborn Pairs.

Glutathione plays a key role in maintaining a physiological balance between prooxidants and antioxidants in the human body. Therefore, we examined the influence of maternal smoking as a source of oxidative stress measured by total oxidant capacity (TOC) on reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx-3), and reductase (GR) amount in maternal and umbilical cord blood in 110 (45 smoking and 65 non-smoking) mother-newborn pairs. Concentrations of glutathione status markers and TOC were evaluated by competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique.

Does a Vegetarian Diet Affect the Levels of Myokine and Adipokine in Prepubertal Children?

Myokines are cytokines secreted by muscle and exert autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects. Myokines mediate communication between muscle and other organs, including adipose tissue. The aim of the study was to assess serum myokines and their relationships with adipokines and anthropometric and nutritional parameters in children following vegetarian and omnivorous diets.

Assessment of Inflammatory Markers in Children with Cow's Milk Allergy Treated with a Milk-Free Diet.

Background: The aim of the study was to establish whether the use of a strict milk-free diet in children with cow's milk allergy, resulting in the resolution of clinical symptoms of the disease, also extinguishes the inflammatory reaction induced by the allergy.

Methods: We examined 64 children (aged 3-6 years) with a diagnosed cow's milk allergy who had been treated with an elimination diet for at least six months and showed remission of the disease's clinical symptoms as a result of the treatment. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children of the same age following an unrestricted age-appropriate diet.

Associations Between Antioxidant Vitamin Status, Dietary Intake, and Retinol-binding Protein 4 Levels in Prepubertal Obese Children After 3-month Weight Loss Therapy.

Objective: Adiposity is associated with increased oxidative stress, leading to changed fat-soluble vitamin concentrations. The aim of this study was to determine whether weight loss alters fat-soluble vitamin status and whether these alterations are associated with dietary intake, anthropometric parameters and adipokines in obese children.

Methods: Vitamin A and E concentrations were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography in 60 obese children before and after weight loss therapy.

Serum Calprotectin and Chemerin Concentrations as Markers of Low-Grade Inflammation in Prepubertal Children with Obesity.

In adults, obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which may cause long-term adverse health consequences. We evaluated whether obesity in prepubertal children also generates this kind of inflammation and whether calprotectin and chemerin may be useful markers for early detection of such inflammation in this group of children. The study population included 83 children aged 2 to 10 years; 62 with obesity and without components of metabolic syndrome and 21 healthy controls with normal body weight.

Associations between Maternal and Fetal Levels of Total Adiponectin, High Molecular Weight Adiponectin, Selected Somatomedins, and Birth Weight of Infants of Smoking and Non-Smoking Mothers.

The aim of the study was to determine the relationships between maternal smoking, total adiponectin, high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW adiponectin), selected somatomedins, and the birth weight of newborns. A total of 78 women with a healthy, singleton pregnancy, 41 active smokers and 37 non-smokers, and their offspring were studied. Total and HMW adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and 2 (IGFBP-2) were determined in maternal and cord blood by enzyme-link immunosorbent assay.

Are Omentin Rs2274907 and Vaspin Rs2236242 Gene Polymorphisms Related to Body Composition, Lipid Profile and Other Adipokines in Prepubertal Healthy Children?

: So far no research concerning the omentin-1 ( rs2274907 and vaspin ( rs2236242 polymorphisms has been carried out in a healthy pediatric population. We analyzed associations of these polymorphisms with anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, as well as adiponectin, leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) levels in prepubertal healthy children, to search for their possible role in the risk of obesity and obesity-related disorders.: Frequencies of these polymorphisms were analyzed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism in 89 normal-weight children.

Active Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Utero and Concentrations of Hepcidin and Selected Iron Parameters in Newborns.

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of active tobacco smoke exposure in utero on the concentration of hepcidin and selected iron markers in umbilical cord blood and to evaluate the relationships between these parameters. Newborns of smoking mothers had significantly lower concentrations of serum hepcidin ( < 0.001), iron, and ferritin ( = 0.

Influence of Active Exposure to Tobacco Smoke on Nitric Oxide Status of Pregnant Women.

Smoking tobacco can impair proper vascular endothelial functioning. This is exhibited through reduced nitric oxide synthesis as well as activity due to accompanying oxidative stress. We examined the relationship between nitric oxide and markers of oxidative stress/antioxidant defense in serum of smoking and non-smoking pregnant women.

Ferroportin-Hepcidin Axis in Prepubertal Obese Children with Sufficient Daily Iron Intake.

Iron metabolism may be disrupted in obesity, therefore, the present study assessed the iron status, especially ferroportin and hepcidin concentrations, as well as associations between the ferroportin-hepcidin axis and other iron markers in prepubertal obese children. The following were determined: serum ferroportin, hepcidin, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), iron concentrations and values of hematological parameters as well as the daily dietary intake in 40 obese and 40 normal-weight children. The ferroportin/hepcidin and ferritin/hepcidin ratios were almost two-fold lower in obese children ( = 0.

Changes in Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Rather Than in Paraoxonase1 are Associated with Changes in the Leptin/Leptin Receptor Ratio in Obese Children During Weight-Loss Therapy.

Background: Oxidative stress and impaired production of adipokines in childhood obesity contribute to the development of obesity-related disorders. We assessed whether weight loss after lifestyle intervention alters biomarkers of oxidant/antioxidant status, and whether these alterations are associated with changes in anthropometric parameters and adipokines in obese children.

Materials And Methods: We determined oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), anti ox-LDL, paraoxonase1 (PON1), leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), total adiponectin, high molecular weight adiponectin concentrations and body composition (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) in 60 prepubertal obese children (Body Mass Index, BMI Z-score>2) before and after a 3-month intervention.

Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Inflammatory Adipokine Profiles in Children on Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diets.

Adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ that secrets many pro-inflammatory as well anti-inflammatory adipokines. The aim of the study was to assess serum adipokine profile in prepubertal vegetarian and omnivorous children. Sixty-two children on a vegetarian diet and fifty-five children on an omnivorous diet, aged 5 to 10 years, were studied.