Primary leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: report of a case diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology and confirmed by histopathologic examination.

Background: Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm and can originate within major abdominal veins, including the inferior venacava (IVC).

Case: A 45-year-old woman presented with upper abdominal pain and a mass lesion in the liver and within the lumen of the IVC. A diagnosis of primary leiomyosarcoma of the IVC was made by using imaging techniques,fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathologic examination of the resected specimen.