Implementation and Operational Research: Integration of Family Planning Services in a Peer-Managed HIV Care Clinic Serving Most-at-Risk Populations in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Objective: To assess contraceptive uptake and method choice among women living with HIV (WLHIV) attending an HIV care clinic serving most-at-risk women in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, before and after the implementation of family planning (FP) services.

Methods: Semistructured questionnaires were administered to clients before (July, 2011) and after (July, 2012) FP service implementation with provision of contraceptive methods (pills, injectables, implants, and intrauterine device [IUD]).

Results: Among 250 and 249 clients interviewed before and after implementation respectively, 24.

Immunopathogenesis and diagnosis of tuberculosis and tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during early antiretroviral therapy.

Background: In many settings, the benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are reduced by the high early incidence of tuberculosis and tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS).

Methods: We used tuberculin skin testing and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay to investigate cellular immune responses to purified protein derivative (PPD) and region of difference 1 (RD1) antigens during the first 24 weeks of ART.

Results: TB-IRIS and ART-associated tuberculosis occurred in 15 of 75 (20%) and 11 of 231 (4.