Torque teno virus in liver diseases: On the way towards unity of view.

The review presents the data accumulated for more than 20 years of research of torque teno virus (TTV). Its molecular genetic structure, immunobiology, epidemiology, diagnostic methods, possible replication sites, and pathogenicity factors are described. TTV is a virus that is frequently detectable in patients with different viral hepatitides, in cases of hepatitis without an obvious viral agent, as well as in a healthy population.

[High-tech medical care in surgical endocrinology].

The number of patients with endocrine system diseases increases annually. Widespread introduction of screening programs and improvement of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic is one of the most important causes for this. Treatment of patients with endocrine system diseases within the high-tech medical care leads to perform the unique surgical interventions.

[Biocomposite nanostructured materials for the bone defects filling by osteomyelitis].

Results of the use of the biocomposite nanostructured material "KollapAn" in the treatment of 374 patients with osteomyelitis were followed up. 412 operations were performed, depending on the stage of the inflammatory process and clinical picture. Majorly, operation was performed on the 5-7th day after primary necrosequestrectomy.

[The prevention of the acute urine retention and lower urinary tract infection after rectum surgery].

The possibilities of the prevention of the acute urine retention in patients with the prostatic enlargement after the rectum surgery. The method was successfully used in 106 patients.

[Quantitative analysis of morphological manifestations of cholesterosis and concomitant pathology of the gall bladder].

Morphological study of 345 cholecytectomies revealed gall bladder cholesterosis in 173 cases. Network form of cholesterosis was most frequent (73.8%), polyposis-network was in 18.

[Determination of the hereditary and constitutive predisposition to peritoneal commissures].

The determination of the hereditary and constitutive predisposition to peritoneal commissures before an abdominal operation and preventive introduction of an anticommissural drug into the abdominal cavity after the operation (in case such a predisposition is revealed) will make it possible to avoid repeated operations caused by commissures. Moreover, economic benefit of the introduction of anticommissural drugs and methods for the determination of the constitutive predisposition to peritoneal commissures before abdominal operations will make up about 20 billion USD for the whole Russia only owing to the reduction of cases of peritoneal commissures.

[Diagnosis of adhesions in abdominal cavity organs].

The best results produced by objective methods in cases of scheduled examinations of patients with peritoneal commissures of the abdominal cavity organs are observed in a complex study being a combination of X-ray and radionuclide methods of study, ultrasonic method, MRI and laparoscopy.

[Stenting pancreatic ducts as a method of selecting treatment and prevention of pancreatitis].

According to the literature, the method of stents in the pancreatic ducts is a highly efficient and promising method for treatment of separate forms of pancreatitis. It is also an alternative to surgery.

[Diagnosis of peritoneal adhesions of abdominal cavity organs].

The best results produced by objective methods in cases of scheduled examinations of patients with peritoneal commissures of the abdominal cavity organs are observed in a complex study being a combination of X-ray and radionuclide methods of study, ultrasonic method, MRI and laparoscopy.

[Cholelithiasis in congenital cysts of the hepatic ducts].

The article describes two cases (0.04%) of congenital cystic cholangiectasia complicated by cholelithiasis, which was revealed among 4,800 patients who underwent operation on the biliary tract. The disease was recognized during surgical intervention, retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and computed tomography.

[Gastric leiomyomas].

Leiomyomas are rare tumors found as a rule in the stomach (1-2% of all gastric tumor cases) and occasionally in the intestine. Unless they grow large or become ulcerated gastric leiomyomas run a silent course. Otherwise there is epigastric pain, hemorrhage or impaired gastric evacuation.

[Intraoperative injuries of the spleen].

Operations for gastric and duodenal ulcers were performed in 1123 patients. Injuries of the spleen were found in 16 patients. Attention is called to special care necessary during manipulations on the upper part of the stomach.

[Surgical treatment of patients with giant stomach ulcers].

The authors analyse 59 cases with giant gastric ulcers (measuring 3 cm or more in diameter) treated by surgery, which accounted for 10.7% of all the operations conducted for gastric ulcers. It is shown that giant gastric ulcers are complicated and recur most frequently.

[Reconstructive surgery of peptic ulcer and ulceration of the gastroenteric anastomosis].

An experience with treatment of 177 patients has shown that peptic ulcers are a severe pathology with a pronounced pain syndrome and early development of complications. They are subject to operative treatment after thorough examination and a course of antiulcer therapy during 4-5 weeks before operation. Reconstructive resection of the stomach in combination with truncal vagotomy is thought to be most radical for peptic ulcer.

[Choledochoduodenostomy in choledocholithiasis and benign strictures of the common bile duct].

The methods of external and of internal drainages of the bile ducts are alternatives in choledocholithiasis and benign strictures of the choledochus. In the Central Research Institute of Gastroenterology, 349 operations were performed on the common bile duct, stones were found in the choledochus in 259 (74.2%) cases and benign strictures of the terminal part of the choledochus and the major duodenal papilla in 103 (29.

[Biliary ascites and biliary peritonitis].

Questions concerned with the penetration of bile into the abdominal cavity are discussed. The observation of 9 patients was used. The effusion of infected bile into abdominal cavity results in the development of bile peritonitis requiring urgent surgical measures.