Perifocal Zone of Brain Gliomas: Application of Diffusion Kurtosis and Perfusion MRI Values for Tumor Invasion Border Determination.

(1) Purpose: To determine the borders of malignant gliomas with diffusion kurtosis and perfusion MRI biomarkers. (2) Methods: In 50 high-grade glioma patients, diffusion kurtosis and pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) cerebral blood flow (CBF) values were determined in contrast-enhancing area, in perifocal infiltrative edema zone, in the normal-appearing peritumoral white matter of the affected cerebral hemisphere, and in the unaffected contralateral hemisphere. Neuronavigation-guided biopsy was performed from all affected hemisphere regions.

Magnetic resonance relaxometry in quantitative imaging of brain gliomas: A literature review.

Magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry is a quantitative imaging method that measures tissue relaxation properties. This review discusses the state of the art of clinical proton MR relaxometry for glial brain tumors. Current MR relaxometry technology also includes MR fingerprinting and synthetic MRI, which solve the inefficiencies and challenges of earlier techniques.

Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion in Determining the IDH1 Status and Ki-67 Index in Brain Gliomas.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between tumor blood flow (TBF) measured by the pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) method and IDH1 mutation status of gliomas as well as Ki-67 proliferative index. Methods. The study included 116 patients with newly diagnosed gliomas of various grades.

[Magnetic resonance relaxometry in high-grade glioma subregion assessment - neuroimaging and morphological correlates].

Objective: To analyze the differences of high-grade glioma subregions using magnetic resonance relaxometry with compilation of images (MAGiC) and arterial spin labeling (ASL), as well as to compare quantitative measurements of these techniques with morphological data.

Material And Methods: The study enrolled 35 patients with newly diagnosed supratentorial gliomas (23 - grade IV, 12 - grade III). We measured relaxometric values (T1, T2, proton density), tumor blood flow (TBF) in glioma subregions and normal-appearing brain matter.

[Resting-state fMRI in preoperative non-invasive mapping in patients with left hemisphere glioma].

Maximum resection and preservation of neurological function are main principles in surgery of brain tumors, especially glial neoplasms with diffuse growth. Therefore, exact localizing of eloquent brain areas is an important component in surgical planning ensuring optimal resection with minimal postoperative neurological deficit. Functional MRI is used to localize eloquent brain areas adjacent to the tumor.

[Dendritic cell vaccines in neurological oncology].

Dendritic cell-based vaccines are an intensively studied active immunotherapy technology. Aim of this article is to review the results of the key clinical studies of such vaccines in the treatment of neuro-oncological diseases. Their effectiveness was studied most widely in the treatment of malignant glial tumors, the study went from experimental work to phase III clinical studies, preliminary results of which indicate some positive results of this immunotherapy method in adults.

Efficiency of Human Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplantation into Spinal Cysts to Improve Mobility of the Hind Limbs.

The pathological processes developing after spinal cord injuries often lead to formation of cysts. Existing surgical and medical methods are insufficient for treatment of post-traumatic spinal cord cysts. One of the emerging tools is cell therapy.

Glioma Cell and Astrocyte Co-cultures As a Model to Study Tumor-Tissue Interactions: A Review of Methods.

Astrocytes are a dominant cell type that envelopes the glioma bed. Typically, that is followed by formation of contacts between astrocytes and glioma cells and accompanied by change in astrocyte phenotype, a phenomenon known as a 'reactive astrogliosis.' Generally considered glioma-promoting, astrocytes have many controversial peculiarities in communication with tumor cells, which need thorough examination in vitro.

The EGFR variant III mutant as a target for immunotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme.

In epithelial tumors, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) controls key signaling pathways responsible for growth, proliferation, migration, and survival of tumor cells. The epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) is the most common EGFR mutation that occurs in up to 30% of high-grade gliomas especially glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). EGFRvIII arises from the deletion of exon 2-7 that leads to the formation of the constitutively activated mutant receptor incapable of binding any known ligand.

Pulsed Dendritic Cells for the Therapy of Experimental Glioma.

We obtained the morphologically, cytofluorometrically, and functionally mature dendritic cells from rats that were pulsed with antigens of the C6 glioma tissue extract. The concentrations of angiogenesis antigens (VEGF, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2) and periglioma zone proteins (GFAP, connexin 43, and BSAT1) in the pulsing extract were measured by ELISA. Our results drove us to a conclusion that despite mature phenotype of pulsed dendritic cell, the antigenic composition of glioma tissue extracts should be modified.

[Monoclonal antibodies in high-grade gliomas].

The review is devoted to a relatively young direction in therapy of malignant gliomas, which is based on applying monoclonal antibodies against tumour-associated antigens. The current data on efficacy of main therapeutic agents in clinical practice or clinical trials concerning high-grade gliomas, especially glioblastoma multiforme, is summarized. Of particular interest is bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), which is widely used in glioblastoma.