[An analysis of diagnostic discrepancies due to subjective factors in the clinics of Moscow].

Discrepancies between clinical and pathological diagnoses (classes 1-3) attributed to subjective factors have been analyzed for the period 1981-1985. The investigation pooled the data from three largest Moscow hospitals: S. P.

[Comparative histofluorescent study of cardiac sympathetic nerves and adrenal catecholamines in rats under immobilization stress and administered a toxic dose of noradrenaline].

Changes in the adrenergic nerves of the rat heart and dynamics of adrenal catecholamines during immobilization stress and administration of a toxic dose of noradrenaline were found to be of the same type in general. They were manifested by a decrease of the number of fluorescent nerve terminals in the cardiac ventricles and an increase of catecholamine content in the adrenal glands 24 hours after the beginning of the experiment.

[Changes in the acid phosphatase activity in skeletal muscles in temporary acute ischemia of the extremities and in early postischemic recirculation].

Acid phosphatase (APh) activity has been experimentally studied on 69 dogs in the musculus soleus during ischemic and postischemic periods. Absence of an essential APh activation demonstrates a complete adaptation and stabilization of the intracellular mechanisms of homeostasis under an acute 3 hours' ischemia. Under a prolonged (6, 9, 12 h) ischemia APh activity in sarcoplasm of the muscle fibers increases considerably.

[Morphological characteristics of the changes in the skeletal muscle tissue in acute experimental ischemia of the extremities].

A comprehensive morphological study of the ischemic skeletal muscles of the limbs was performed in experiments on dogs. Ischemia of the muscle tissue was induced by artificial embolic occlusion of the terminal part of the aorta. A quantitative functional and morphological study revealed serious disturbances in metabolism of the skeletal muscle that was subjected to a 6-hour ischemia.

[Dynamics of a necrotic focus development based on data from determining the activity of the MB CPK fraction and from precardiac mapping].

In the 26 patients dead during the acute (necrotic) period of the disease comparisons in the changes of activity of MB CPK and the data of the precardial charting with the results of the histological analysis of the hearts is made. The histological analysis served to assess the date of the necrosis in different areas of the heart. It is established that the repeated rises of activity of MB CPK and the increase in the number of the complexes QS are determined by the development of new foci of necrosis.

[Introduction of objective quality control over student knowledge in an exam on pathological anatomy].

The paper presents the results of the analysis of using programmed control at examinations in pathological anatomy for 3 years. The examinations are in both written and oral form, the programmed control is represented by tests of the second level of learning with the total number of 80 significant operations of action. The results indicate that the programmed control is a reliable tool for unification of teaching of the subject, allows a more detailed check of the knowledge at a greater number of elements of learning, that is, makes the quantitative assessment of the knowledge more objective and increases its reliability.

[Changes in kidney enzyme activity in temporary ischemia of the extremities].

Histoenzymological changes in the kidneys of 49 dogs with temporary ischemia of posterior extremities and acute renal insufficiency were studied. The results demonstrate a definite relationship between the intensity of histoenzymological changes in the kidneys and the duration of temporary ischemia of the extremities. With 12-hour ischemia of the extremities, epitheliocytes of proximal tubules showed a decreased activity of aerobic oxidation enzymes and increased activity of glycolytic enzymes, epitheliocytes of the distal tubules showed a decreased activity of the enzymes under study.

[Morphogenesis of mitral valve calcification in rheumatism and the significance of the petrifications in surgical practice].

Eighty-five calcified mitral valves were examined histologically and histochemically and 28 valves were examined in the scanning electron microscope. Different forms of calcification were discovered in rheumatic sclerosis of the mitral valve: dust-like, laminar petrifact, large-tuberous petrifact with protein apoplexy. The cardiac valve calcification in rheumatic fever is preceeded by local dystrophic changes of collagen fibers which undergo swelling, homogenization, and become picrinophilic.

[Microcirculatory and morphologic disorders following experimental temporary intestinal ischemia].

In 30 experimental dogs, microcirculatory and structural changes in the small intestine wall after ligation of the cranial mesenteric artery and restoration of the blood flow in it were followed by vital microscopic and histological examinations. Destructive lesions in the small intestine wall in intestinal ischemia were associated with microcirculatory disorders. Restoration of the blood flow produced an additional inflammatory component which was predominant one week after revascularization.

[Staining with hematoxylin--basic fuchsin-picric acid (HBFP) for detection of myocardial lesions of different etiology].

The article discusses advantages of the so-called fuchsinorrhagic method offered by Lie et al. in 1971. Areas of the necrotized muscle obtained at autopsy of 11 individuals who had died of myocardial infarction of various periods of duration, 12 biopsy specimens of the myocardium obtained during the operation for correction of congenital heart defects of the type of Fallot's tetrad and isolated defects of the septum with various periods of extracorporeal circulation and hearts of 35 male Wistar rats with a damaged myocardium (lesions being induced by intro-abdominal injection of noradrenalin in a dose of 2.

[Histochemical study of mucopolysaccharides of the tissue of fibrous rings of the human heart in the age aspect].

The content of mucopolysaccharides (MPS) and its dynamics with age in the tissue of fibrous rings of the human heart was studied. The studies were conducted on 88 hearts of patients who had died of various causes not connected with disorders of the cardiovascular system. The tissues of the human heart fibrous rings were extremely rich in both acid and neutral (of the type glyco- and mucoproteids) MPS.