AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
May 2000
A pilot study was undertaken with the objective of developing a simple, economical, and efficient algorithm through which to subtype HIV-1 in a large epidemiological cohort study in Uganda. A peptide enzyme immunoassay (PEIA) employing both V3 and gp41 regions and a heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) were evaluated in comparison with DNA sequencing. Of 146 samples selected, 115 (79%) were successfully sequenced.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol
December 1998
The range and specificity of the humoral immune response to HIV-1 subtypes B and E was investigated in Thai samples. Sera from HIV-1-positive subjects, consisting of subtypes B (n = 24) and E (n = 138), were characterized in relation to the neutralization of primary isolates and T-cell line-adapted (TCLA) strains and binding to monomeric gp120, the CD4/gp120 binding site (BS), and V3 peptides. A subtype-specific pattern of antibody binding was observed with the exception of the CD4/gp 120MN BS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To compare the performance of V3-loop peptide enzyme immunoassay (PEIA) methodologies from four different laboratories for subtyping HIV-1, and to determine the causes for the lack of correlation between V3-loop PEIA serotyping and subtyping by sequencing.
Materials And Methods: Synthetic peptides derived from the amino-acid consensus sequences of the V3-loop of group M strains representing genetic subtypes A-F as well as reference strains were evaluated in PEIA by four different laboratories for their ability to accurately determine the subtype in a panel of 85 sera obtained from persons infected with known HIV-1 subtypes (28 subtype A, 34 subtype B, four subtype C, 10 subtype D, seven subtype F, one each of subtype H and G). Furthermore, the V3 loop of the corresponding virus was compared with the V3 loop of the peptides used in PEIA.
The former Soviet Union republics have experienced an explosive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic among injecting drug users (IDUs), consisting mainly of subtype A viruses originated from a point source (Bobkov et al.: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1997;13:1195-1201). To determine whether new HIV-1 subtypes have entered the IDU population, 46 samples derived from IDUs in Russia (n = 39) and the Ukraine (n = 7) were genotyped by heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFV3 serotyping refers to a system based on binding of antibody in patient sera to V3-loop peptides derived from HIV-1 env genetic subtypes. The V3x serotype represents reactivity of serum from an HIV-1-infected patient (regardless of viral genetic subtype), which reacts preferentially to a V3 peptide derived from the X subtype sequence. We have classified HIV-1 serotypes, determined the relationship between the HIV-1 V3 serotypes and viral genetic subtypes in a large study (n = 125), and evaluated the performance of three different V3 peptide-binding assays.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
January 1998
HIV-1 V3 serotyping is used to classify immunodeficiency viruses on the basis of antibody binding to V3 peptides derived from env genetic subtypes. Although it shows a reasonable overlap, it has been reported to be distinct from viral genetic subtypes. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of HIV-1 serotyping to predict genetic subtypes in an East African setting, where multiple HIV-1 subtypes have coexisted for many years.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of the third variable domain (V3) of gp120 in the neutralization of primary and T-cell line adapted (TCLA) strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by serum from HIV-1-infected individuals was investigated. A primary virus isolate, M2424/4, when adapted to H9 cells, was more sensitive to neutralization on MT2 cells than the same stock passaged in PBMC. Neutralization of the PBMC-passaged stock by V3-specific MAbs was abrogated by addition of V3 (MN) peptide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of this phase II study was to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity and tolerability of the yeast-derived virus-like particle immunogen, Ty.p24.VLP (p24-VLP), in HIV-antibody-positive asymptomatic volunteers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
September 1997
Epidemiological data have demonstrated rapid growth of HIV-1 infections among injecting drug users (IDUs) in the Ukraine and Russia, during 1996. Here we describe the results of genetic analysis of isolates derived from 12 HIV-1-infected IDUs in different sites of Russia and the Ukraine. The blood samples were taken within a 1- to 2-month period after the first HIV-1-positive test.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHIV-1 genetic subtypes were analyzed by the heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) in 125 samples derived in 1995-1996 from residents of the European part of Russia. The results indicate the prevalence of six subtypes (A, B, C, D, G, and H) in the Russian Federation, with four types (A, B, C, and G) predominating (95%). The viruses belonging to subtypes A, B, and C spread via heterosexual contacts, subtype B mainly through homosexual intercourse.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHIV-genetic subtypes were analyzed in 130 subjects from the Russian Federation, by the HMA technique. Six subtypes were identified in heterosexuals, including A, B, C, D, G, and H; however, homosexual men were infected predominantly with the B subtype (33 of 35). The subtype A isolates were found in population of intravenous drug users.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
October 1996
The first human foamy virus (HFV) to be described was isolated from nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue from a Kenyan patient. Early seroepidemiology concluded that there was a significant infection rate, particularly among Africans. Awareness of foamy viruses as potential vectors has stimulated interest in the natural seroprevalence of HFV infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To identify HIV-1 envelope sequence subtypes in infected individuals from the Russian Federation and Belarus.
Patients: A cohort of children infected after exposure to non-sterile needles during the 1988-1989 HIV-1 epidemic in southern Russia (n = 20) and HIV-1-seropositive individuals from Russia (n = 1) and Belarus (n = 7) infected via sexual transmission.
Methods: DNA samples derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analysed for their HIV-1 genotypes by the heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA).
We have investigated whether peptides representing the HIV-1 principal neutralization domain (V3) can be used as antigens in antibody-binding assays to predict the genotypes of the subjects' virus. Serum samples collected from HIV-1-infected subjects from the four WHO-sponsored vaccine evaluation sites (Uganda, Rwanda, Thailand, and Brazil) were characterized by antibody binding to a panel of synthetic V3 peptides that were derived from the consensus sequences of the V3 region of the HIV-1 subgroups according to the env phylogenetic analysis (A-E). An indirect V3 peptide-binding assay was used for primary screening, and a V3 peptide antigen-limiting ELISA was then used as a secondary assay to discriminate cross-reactivity if the screening assay was equivocal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To investigate the HIV-1 V3 sequence diversity in the former Soviet Union in 30 subjects infected with HIV-1 via different modes of transmission.
Patients: A cohort of children infected after exposure to nonsterile needles during the epidemic in 1988-1989 in southern Russia (Elista, n = 12 and Rostov-on-Don, n = 10), and eight HIV-seropositive subjects from Belarus (Minsk), infected via sexual (n = 7) and parenteral (n = 1) infection.
Methods: The HIV-1 V3 encoding region was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction on DNA of primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from the study subjects and then cloned and sequenced.