The development of patient-specific 3D anatomical models in minimally invasive parathyroidectomy.

Background: Surgery is the preferred treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism. Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is only feasible with accurate preoperative localisation. Virtual 3D anatomical models can be constructed from patient-specific CT scans using segmentation software.

Use of Integra® on avascular tissue.

Integra® (Integra LifeSciences) is a well-known dermal regeneration template used in partial and full-thickness wound reconstruction. It can be applied directly on to vascular tissue to create a bed for a skin graft, which is often placed in a second surgery. We present our experience of its novel use in oral and maxillofacial surgery patients, using it directly on bone and cartilage (avascular tissue) without further skin grafting.

A training tool for clinicians in segmenting medical images to make 3D models.

Introduction: 3D models produced from medical imaging can be used to plan treatment, design prosthesis, teach and for communication. Despite the clinical benefit, few clinicians have experience of how 3D models are produced.This is the first study evaluating a training tool to teach clinicians to produce 3D models and reporting the perceived impact on their clinical practice.

Augmented reality presentation of the extracranial facial nerve: an innovation in parotid surgery.

Surgeons used to be unaware of the facial nerve's position during parotid surgery. Now, with special magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, it can be located and converted into a 3D model displayed on an augmented reality (AR) device for surgeons to study and manipulate. This study explores the accuracy and usefulness of the technique for the treatment of benign and malignant parotid tumours.

Systematic review of techniques used to validate the registration of augmented-reality images using a head-mounted device to navigate surgery.

Augmented-reality (AR) head-mounted devices (HMD) allow the wearer to have digital images superposed on to their field of vision. They are being used to superpose annotations on to the surgical field akin to a navigation system. This review examines published validation studies on HMD-AR systems, their reported protocols, and outcomes.

Extracapsular dissection (ECD) and extended ECD: description of the technique and outcome of treatment.

Over the last two decades the senior author has exclusively applied the technique of extracapsular dissection (ECD) and extended ECD to treat discrete, apparently benign parotid tumours. This article describes both techniques and evaluates their application. Simple principles are described to anticipate unexpected malignant tumours and manage lumps safely by wide excision.

Biodegradation of Alprazolam in Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Mesoporous Nanoparticles-Adhered .

The release of pharmaceutical wastewaters in the environment is of great concern due to the presence of persistent organic pollutants with toxic effects on environment and human health. Treatment of these wastewaters with microorganisms has gained increasing attention, as they can efficiently biodegrade and remove contaminants from the aqueous environments. In this respect, bacterial immobilization with inorganic nanoparticles provides a number of advantages, in terms of ease of processing, increased concentration of the pollutant in proximity of the cell surface, and long-term reusability.

Development of a patient-reported outcomes and experience measure for Orthognathic surgery: validation of the Northwick Park Orthognathic Questionnaire (NOQ).

Orthognathic surgery aims to correct dentoskeletal and facial discrepancies. The expected benefits are functional, cosmetic, and psychological. In a previous publication, this group assessed the determinants of patient satisfaction to formulate the Northwick Park Orthognathic Questionnaire (NOQ).

Neck failure following pathologically node-negative neck dissection (pN0) in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Due to the risk of occult cervical metastasis, elective neck dissection (END) is recommended in the management of patients with early oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and a clinically node-negative (cN0) neck. This paper presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that recorded isolated regional recurrence (RR) in the pathologically node-negative neck dissection (pN0) neck following END in order to quantify the failure rate. Pubmed and Ovid databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published between January 2009 and January 2019.

Alleviating neuropathy of diabetic foot ulcer by co-delivery of venlafaxine and matrix metalloproteinase drug-loaded cellulose nanofiber sheets: production, in vitro characterization and clinical trial.

Background: The objective of the present study was co-delivery of venlafaxin (VEN) and doxycycline (DOX), a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor drug, for alleviating inflammation and neuropathy in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU).

Methods: Bacterial cellulose nanofiber sheets (BCNS) were loaded with DOX and VEN and categorized by their loading efficiency, release profiles and ex vivo permeation throughrat skin. The optimized nanofibers were used in patients with DFU to compare with the standard wound care regimen during a 12-week trial.

Shear sensitive injectable hydrogels of cross-linked tragacanthic acid for ocular drug delivery: Rheological and biological evaluation.

Drug delivery to posterior segment of eye has always been challenging. The aim of the present study was to provide a novel injectable, shear sensitive hydrogel based on tragacanthic acid (TA) with three kinds of acetate salts as cross-linker. Rheological properties by strain and shear stress sweep measurements and also dynamic rheological experiments including frequency and time sweep measurements were studied.

Recent advances in the histopathological assessment of salivary disease.

Background: Salivary gland disease includes a wide range of unique and rare conditions that are treated by ear, nose and throat (ENT), oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS) and oral medicine specialists. Histopathological diagnosis is pivotal to making a diagnosis and treatment planning. There is a vast range of conditions and controversies in the histopathological assessment of salivary gland diseases.

Poly(glycerol sebacate) nanoparticles for ocular delivery of sunitinib: physicochemical, cytotoxic and allergic studies.

Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is a new biodegradable polymer with good biocompatibility used in many fields of biomedicine and drug delivery. Sunitinib-loaded PGS/gelatine nanoparticles were prepared by the de-solvation method for retinal delivery and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. The nanoparticles were characterised by Fourier-transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry.

A review of recent advances in histopathological assessment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common non-cutaneous head and neck (H&N) malignancy. Referrals for suspected SCC are seen by oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) surgeons and represent the bulk of 2-week wait referrals. The diagnosis and treatment of SCC is heavily influenced by national and international guidelines.

Production of a new platform based on fumed and mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced solubility and oral bioavailability of raloxifene HCl.

The purpose of the present study was to compare mesoporous and fumed silica nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of raloxifene hydrochloride (RH). Mesoporous silica NPs (MSNs) and fumed silica NPs were used by freeze-drying or spray-drying methods. MSNs were obtained with different ratios of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.

The Correlation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of In-Situ Al-MgSi Cast Composite Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing.

In this paper, the effect of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-20%MgSi and Al-15%MgSi, as well as hypoeutectic Al-10%MgSi composites has been investigated. After fabricating the composites by in-situ casting, the composites were processed using the ECAP process up to two passes at room temperature. Microstructural studies have been carried out using a field emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer.

Condylectomy: treatment of recurrent unilateral dislocation of the temporomandibular joint in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

We report the use of unilateral condylectomy to treat the recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in a 21-year-old woman with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Eighteen months after operation the patient had no further dislocation on full mouth opening, and no surgical complications.

Patient expectations and satisfaction following orthognathic surgery.

Orthognathic surgery aims to correct dentoskeletal and facial discrepancies. Treatment usually requires a minimum of 18 months, necessitating that patients are adequately satisfied with the treatment provided. This study aimed to assess the determinants of patient satisfaction following treatment.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Where are we now?

Recent data have confirmed that elective surgical management of the cN0 neck improves survival in patients with early (T1-T2) oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and is better than watchful waiting. However, elective neck dissection (END) may not always be necessary. Sentinel node biopsy (SNB), which is a reliable staging test for patients with early disease and a radiologically N0 neck, can detect occult metastases with a sensitivity of 86%-94%.

Development of a financially viable model for the management of mandibular fractures as day cases in a level 1 major trauma centre.

There is a subgroup of patients with mandibular fractures who could safely and effectively be managed in an outpatient day-care unit. Suitability depends on medical, social, and operative factors, and identification of the correct criteria will govern management after that in the emergency department. Reduced use of beds would lead to less money being spent on emergency treatment, and increased capacity for elective surgery.