Solidarity in disaster scholarship.

Disaster scholarship purportedly promotes disaster risk reduction and resists disaster risk creation, thereby deeply engaging with transboundary existential risks, justice, and political power. It is thus a commitment to humanity, and for it to become truly equitable and just, solidarity must lie at its heart. In this paper we connect solidarity with knowledge production and assess the implications of disaster scholarship and the relationships on which it is built.

In the arena: contesting disaster creation in cities.

Space is a feature of all disasters, and it is through decisions on how space is developed, used, and reproduced that disasters manifest themselves. Critical urban theory sees urban space-cities-as an arena of contestation expressed through the relationship between people, power, and the built environment. Cities allow for an unpacking of this process of contestation through the interpretation of various temporal, spatial, social, and physical elements that together create complex issues and 'wicked problems'.

'Building back better' is neoliberal post-disaster reconstruction.

'Building back better' (BBB) has become one of the most common expressions in disaster risk reduction. Disasters offer an opportunity to encourage improvements not only in the structural safety of buildings and infrastructure, but also in addressing structural inequalities and injustice. Consequently, they are an opportunity to make things 'better'.

Movement patterns and neuromusculoskeletal impairments observed in a female Olympic Field Hockey team: An observational cohort study.

Purpose: The purpose of the cross-sectional observational cohort study was to quantify movement patterns and neuromuscular impairments in Olympic Female Field Hockey utilizing a standardized movement-centered assessment model.

Methodology/sample: A sample of convenience was obtained from the active roster of the 2016 USA Women's Olympic Field Hockey team. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and resulted in nine participants.

Family characteristics have limited ability to predict weight status of young children.

The ability of (a) family characteristics (marital status, income, race, and education), (b) parental control over child's food intake, and (c) parental belief in causes of overweight to predict weight status of children was assessed. Parents/caretakers of elementary school-aged children were surveyed to determine attitudes related to childhood nutrition and overweight. Anthropometric measurements were obtained from children to determine weight status (n=169 matched surveys and measurements).

Therapeutic yield and outcomes of a community teaching hospital code stroke protocol.

Objectives: To describe the experience of a community teaching hospital emergency department (ED) Code Stroke Protocol (CSP) for identifying acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients and treating them with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and to compare outcome measures with those achieved in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) trial.

Methods: This study was a retrospective review from a hospital CSP registry.

Results: Over a 56-month period, CSP activation occurred 255 times, with 24% (n = 60) of patients treated with intravenous (IV) tPA.

Mixed neuronal-glial tumors (gangliogliomas) in children.

Mixed tumors account for about 10% of the childhood central nervous system tumors. Studies of the most common tumor, the ganglioglioma, in patients of all ages suggest that optimal therapy is total gross resection. There are few studies on these tumors in children.

Survival of split calvarial bone grafts in a dog model.

To gain a better understanding of the strength and long term viability of split calvarial bone graft, nine mongrel dogs each received four trephine craniotomies (1.5 mm diameter). The harvested bone plugs were split through the diploe and a partial-thickness plug was returned to each craniotomy site.

Effects of ventricular drainage and dural closure on cerebrospinal fluid leaks after posterior fossa tumor surgery.

In a retrospective study of 50 consecutive children with posterior fossa tumors treated at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Tex., in 1989-1992, we evaluated perioperative factors which might influence the development of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Factors analyzed included the presence of preoperative hydrocephalus, the institution of cerebrospinal fluid diversion, and the method of dural closure.

Scalp hamartoma in identical twins.

Identical twin male infants had scalp hamartomas removed from the occipital region. The histologic features and genetic implications of these unusual lesions are discussed.

Cytogenetic demonstration of gene amplification in a primary intracranial germ cell tumor.

We report the cytogenetic analysis of a primary pineal germinoma. The modal chromosome number was 81. Multiple numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities were noted along with a large homogeneously staining region (HSR).

Brachial plexus birth injury.

Brachial plexus birth injuries occur at a frequency of 1-2 per 1000 births. Many of these injuries spontaneously resolve. Should spontaneous recovery not occur within the first 4-6 months of life, the prognosis for attaining movement and function of the affected appendage is significantly impaired.

Ventriculoatrial shunting via the azygos vein.

The treatment of hydrocephalus has evolved through many stages but the "cure" is still elusive. It is not unusual for the neurosurgeon to find that the commonly used routes for catheter placement or sites for drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cannot be employed. The azygos vein was used to gain access to the right atrium when the CSF could not be drained into the peritoneal cavity, nor could the neck veins be used to place the catheter into the right atrium.

Tethered-cord syndrome after repair of meningomyelocele.

The occurrence of tethered-cord syndrome is one of the delayed consequences of the repair of meningo-myelocele. The existing neurological deficit worsens, or a new deficit is superimposed on the existing one. In addition, urological and orthopedic symptoms are also frequently encountered.

Early surgical management of coronal synostosis.

Craniofacial surgery aims to allow proper expansion of the brain and the creation of an acceptable appearance. Early surgery represents an important means to attain these goals, with the choice of surgical technique being as critical as timing.

Two siblings with the Chiari I malformation.

Two siblings with symptoms characteristic of the Chiari I malformation are described. The malformations were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging scans and at surgery. Upon review of the world literature, no instance of the Chiari I malformation in a single family has been reported.

Chiari type I malformation in children.

We reviewed the recent experience at Texas Children's Hospital by examining the records of 11 children who underwent suboccipital decompression for symptomatic Chiari type I malformation. Presenting complaints included neck pain (1 child), scoliosis (4 children), back pain (1 child), torticollis (1), motor dysfunction (1), and apnea (3 children). Neurologic findings were normal in 7 of the 11 children.

Penetration of cefuroxime into ventricular fluid in cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections.

The penetration of intravenously administered cefuroxime into ventricular fluid was assessed in five pediatric patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections and in one with a ventriculostomy infection. Patients received a total dose of 200 to 230 mg of cefuroxime per kg of body weight per day administered at 8-h intervals. Levels of cefuroxime in ventricular fluid ranged from 1.

Purification, immunoassay, and tissue distribution of rat C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase.

C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase (C1-THF synthase), a eukaryotic trifunctional enzyme, catalyzes three sequential folate-mediated one-carbon interconversions. These three reactions supply the activated one-carbon units required in the metabolism of purines, thymidylate, and several amino acids. In order to study the regulation of C1-THF synthase expression in mammals, we have purified the enzyme to homogeneity from rat liver, raised polyclonal antisera to it in rabbits, and developed a sensitive solid-phase immunoassay for the enzyme.

Congenital arachnoid cysts in children.

Congenital arachnoid cysts (CAC) are benign developmental disorders. A number of theories have been proposed to explain the origin and progression to the symptomatic stage. Management strategies range from not treating the asymptomatic cysts to craniotomy, excision of cyst wall and establishment of a communication with the adjacent subarachnoid cistern or ventricle.

Epidural hibernoma as a complication of corticosteroid treatment. Case report.

Centripetal fat deposition is a well-recognized consequence of excessive use of corticosteroids, either endogenous or exogenous. Recently, several patients receiving large doses of corticosteroids have suffered compressive myelopathies due to excessive epidural fat collections, labeled "epidural lipomatosis." Two of these have been children, and a third child is reported here.

Postradiation meningioma in a child.

Tumors caused by radiation treatment are not unknown. They may be benign or malignant. Among these, postradiation meningiomas (PRM) are considered to be a distinct entity.

A new staging method versus TNM staging in children with posterior fossa primitive neuroectodermal tumor (medulloblastoma).

Prognostic factors were evaluated in 30 children with primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the posterior fossa (classical medulloblastoma or differentiated medulloblastoma). The preoperative TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) staging system has been applied to estimate prognosis of patients with central nervous system tumors, but this system was not applicable in assessing the postoperative status of the tumor. To fill this need, a postoperative staging system was developed known as MAPS (Metastasis, Age, Pathology, Surgery), and in this report its efficacy is compared with that of the TNM system.