Macrophage polarization in THP-1 cell line and primary monocytes: A systematic review.

Macrophages derived from human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cell line are often used as the alternative of human primary macrophage. However, the polarization method of THP-1 to macrophages varies between different laboratories, which may unknowingly affect the relevance of research output across research groups. In this regard, a systematic search was developed in Pubmed, BioOne, Scopus, and Science Direct to identify articles focusing on THP-1 polarization into M1 and M2 macrophages.

Differential polarization and the expression of efferocytosis receptor MerTK on M1 and M2 macrophages isolated from coronary artery disease patients.

Background: Differential polarization of macrophage into M1 and M2 mediates atherosclerotic plaque clearance through efferocytosis. Higher expression of Mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK) on M2 macrophage helps in maintaining macrophage efferocytic efficiency. In healthy individuals, macrophage polarization into M1 and M2 occurs in tissues in concomitance with the acquisition of functional phenotypes depending on specific microenvironment stimuli.

Utilization of Small RNA Genes to Distinguish Biotypes via Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction.

The diarrheal disease "cholera" is caused by , and is primarily confined to endemic regions, mostly in Africa and Asia. It is punctuated by outbreaks and creates severe challenges to public health. The disease-causing strains are most-often members of serogroups O1 and O139.

Non-protein coding RNA genes as the novel diagnostic markers for the discrimination of Salmonella species using PCR.

Salmonellosis, a communicable disease caused by members of the Salmonella species, transmitted to humans through contaminated food or water. It is of paramount importance, to generate accurate detection methods for discriminating the various Salmonella species that cause severe infection in humans, including S. Typhi and S.

Bacterial sRNAs: regulation in stress.

Bacteria are often exposed to a hostile environment and have developed a plethora of cellular processes in order to survive. A burgeoning list of small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) has been identified and reported to orchestrate crucial stress responses in bacteria. Among them, cis-encoded sRNA, trans-encoded sRNA, and 5'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of the protein coding sequence are influential in the bacterial response to environmental cues, such as fluctuation of temperature and pH as well as other stress conditions.

The rocks and shallows of deep RNA sequencing: Examples in the Vibrio cholerae RNome.

New deep RNA sequencing methodologies in transcriptome analyses identified a wealth of novel nonprotein-coding RNAs (npcRNAs). Recently, deep sequencing was used to delineate the small npcRNA transcriptome of the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae and 627 novel npcRNA candidates were identified. Here, we report the detection of 223 npcRNA candidates in V.