A systematic review of economic evaluation of artificial intelligence-based screening for eye diseases: From possibility to reality.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a focus of research in the rapidly evolving field of ophthalmology. Nevertheless, there is a lack of systematic studies on the health economics of AI in this field. We examine studies from the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases that employed quantitative analysis, retrieved up to July 2023.

Investigating mental rehearsal's applicability in guiding independent E-learning (IMAGINE) of eye examination skills during the pandemic.

Background: COVID-19's infection control policies have hindered the Deliberate Practice of clinical examinations. Guided Mental Rehearsal (GMR) may overcome this obstacle by facilitating independent, repetitive practice. Underpinned by the 'Motor Simulation Theory,' GMR reinforces similar neuro-circuit activations during physical practice and was proven effective in surgical training.

Automatic detection of leakage point in central serous chorioretinopathy of fundus fluorescein angiography based on time sequence deep learning.

Purpose: To detect the leakage points of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) automatically from dynamic images of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) using a deep learning algorithm (DLA).

Methods: The study included 2104 FFA images from 291 FFA sequences of 291 eyes (137 right eyes and 154 left eyes) from 262 patients. The leakage points were segmented with an attention gated network (AGN).

Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein predicts proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.

Aim: We aim to examine the association of plasma leucine-rich-α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes.

Methods: At baseline visit, plasma LRG1 levels were assessed using ELISA. Central arterial stiffness was estimated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV).

Direct medical cost associated with diabetic retinopathy severity in type 2 diabetes in Singapore.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision-loss globally among type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Information on the economic burden of DR in Singapore is limited. We aim to identify the total annual direct medical costs of DR at different stages, and to examine factors influencing the costs.

Putative protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important microvascular complications of diabetes and remains the leading cause of blindness in the working-age individuals. The exact aetiopathogenesis of DR remains elusive despite major advances in basic science and clinical research. Oxidative damage as one of the underlying causes for DR is increasingly being recognised.

The spatial profile of macular pigment in subjects from a Singapore Chinese population.

Purpose: To examine the spatial profile of macular pigment (MP) and its relationship with serum concentrations of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) in subjects from a Singapore Chinese population.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the following details were recorded in 95 healthy subjects: sociodemographic, lifestyle information, body mass index (BMI), visual acuity, MP spatial profile using a macular densitometer, and serum L and Z.

Results: The mean (SD) age of the population was 42.

Sphenoidal mucocele presenting as acute cranial nerve palsies.

Sphenoidal sinus mucoceles are indolent lesions that, when sufficiently large, can compress on the optic canal or superior orbital fissure, rapidly causing loss of vision, optic neuropathy, ptosis, pain, ophthalmoplegia, and diplopia. We herein report a 72-year-old gentleman who presented acutely with Cranial Nerve II, III, and IV palsies secondary to a sphenoidal sinus mucocele that was confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging and successfully treated with endoscopic drainage. This cause of orbital apex syndrome is important for clinicians to know as early diagnosis and treatment is critical in recovering visual potential.

Choroidal neovascularization following laser in situ keratomileusis for high myopia: a case series.

To report three patients who developed unilateral choroidal neovascularization (CNV) following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for high myopia. Retrospective chart reviews of three highly myopic patients who developed CNV following LASIK and who attended a tertiary care private practice were conducted. The clinical presentation of the patients was analyzed.

Quantitative analysis of myopic chorioretinal degeneration using a novel computer software program.

To quantify the fundus color on digital color fundus photographs as a surrogate of myopic chorioretinal degeneration in myopic subjects using a novel computer software program. In this cross-sectional study, the following details were recorded in 152 eyes of 78 myopic subjects: Snellen visual acuity, refractive status, ocular biometric parameters, intraocular pressure, color fundus photography, and myopic chorioretinal degeneration index (MCDI) using an automated computer program. The mean age of the subjects was 32.

Orbital metastasis of renal cell carcinoma masquerading as cysticercosis.

Metastasis to the orbital soft tissues is relatively uncommon. We report a rare case of renal cell carcinoma with orbital metastasis as the first clinical manifestation. A 48-year-old-man presented with left proptosis and complete ptosis of three weeks duration.

Inferior rectus muscle transection: a cause of diplopia after non-penetrating orbital trauma.

Background: Vertical diplopia after blow out fracture repair is not uncommon; we report an unusual case of inferior rectus muscle (IR) transection presenting as a persistent infra-duction deficit after uncomplicated blow out fracture repair.

Methods: We used multi-positional MRI to diagnose a transected IR with a contracted and posteriorly displaced muscle belly.

Results: Infra-duction improved after surgical repair of the transected IR.

Dacryocystoceles in the aftermath of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Although Stevens-Johnson syndrome has been reported to result in canalicular and nasolacrimal duct obstruction, reports of dacryocystocele formation are lacking. We describe the occurrence and management of bilateral dacryocystoceles related to Stevens-Johnson syndrome. A 45-year-old man, recovered from Stevens-Johnson syndrome, presented with bilateral medial canthal masses and intermittent overlying facial cellulitis.

Effect of unilateral blepharoptosis repair on contralateral eyelid position.

Purpose: This study evaluates the effect of unilateral blepharoptosis repair on contralateral eyelid position and assesses the relation between preoperative eyelid height interdependence, consistent with Hering law, and surgical outcome.

Methods: The medical records of 54 patients (21 men, 33 women; mean age, 65 years) who underwent external levator advancement for unilateral aponeurotic blepharoptosis were reviewed for preoperative and postoperative margin reflex distance (MRD) of the nonoperated eye. To assess the relation between preoperative Hering dependence (mechanical elevation of the ptotic eyelid causing a decrease in contralateral eyelid height) and postoperative eyelid position, the change in MRD of the nonoperated eye was compared between subjects who on preoperative evaluation did (n=18) and did not (n=36) demonstrate eyelid height interdependence, using the 2-sample t test.

Systemic autonomic function in subjects with primary angle-closure glaucoma: a comparative study of symptomatic and asymptomatic disease presentation.

Background: Autonomic dysfunction is thought to be a contributory factor in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) by precipitating pupil block in anatomically predisposed eyes. This study aimed to compare systemic autonomic function between subjects who had suffered a previous episode of acute angle closure (symptomatic PACG), those who had asymptomatic PACG, and age and sex-matched controls.

Methods: Tests for systemic parasympathetic function included the heart-rate response to standing (30:15 ratio), heart-rate variation during deep breathing, and the ratio of the heart rate at phases IV and II of the Valsalva manoeuvre (Valsalva ratio).

Osteogenic sarcoma after orbital radiation rhabdomyosarcoma.

Purpose: We describe the occurrence of maxillary and orbital osteogenic sarcoma in a child after treatment of contralateral orbital rhabdomyosarcoma with external beam radiation and chemotherapy.

Design: Interventional case report.

Intervention: Treatment of a maxillary and orbital rhabdomyosarcoma with surgical resection, systemic chemotherapy, and local radiation.

Proptosis after hair pulling.

We describe proptosis due to a subperiosteal orbital hematoma that originated from a subgaleal bleed caused by hair pulling. A 13-year-old boy presented with a one-week history of progressive proptosis after his older sister pulled his hair during an argument. Computerized tomography showed a subgaleal hematoma and a right superior subperiosteal orbital hematoma.