Impact of vaccination on COVID-19 severity during the second wave in Brunei Darussalam, 2021.

Objective: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccinations have been shown to prevent infection with efficacies ranging from 50% to 95%. This study assesses the impact of vaccination on the clinical severity of COVID-19 during the second wave in Brunei Darussalam in 2021, which was due to the Delta variant.

Methods: Patients included in this study were randomly selected from those who were admitted with COVID-19 to the National Isolation Centre between 7 August and 6 October 2021.

Characteristics of Children with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Brunei Darussalam.

Objective: This study aims to characterize the presentation, biochemical status of children with T1DM at diagnosis, the type of subcutaneous insulin regimens initiated, and to determine the incidence of T1DM in Bruneian children aged 18 years and younger.

Methodology: A retrospective electronic and paper medical chart review was performed on patients aged 18 years and younger diagnosed with T1DM from 2013 to 2018 in Brunei Darussalam.

Results: A total of 31 children with a mean age of 10.

Post-COVID-19 health-care utilization: one year after the 2020 first wave in Brunei Darussalam.

Objective: Patients who recover from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection are at risk of long-term health disorders and may require prolonged health care. This retrospective observational study assesses the number of health-care visits before and after COVID-19 infection in Brunei Darussalam.

Methods: COVID-19 cases from the first wave with 12 months of follow-up were included.

Acute Cholangitis Secondary to Surgical Clip Migration 18 Years After Cholecystectomy: A Case Report.

Gallstone disease is a common condition and reason for consultation and hospitalizations. The standard of care is laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Early complications include bile duct injury and retained stone, and chronic complications include bile duct stricture and clip migration.

Factors Associated with Participation in Stool Based Colorectal Screening in Brunei Darussalam.

Introduction: Colorectal cancers (CRC) continues to increase worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. CRC can be prevented through early detection using several modalities. However, like any screening program participation remains suboptimal.

Self- Reported Personal and Family History of Cancers in Brunei Darussalam: Result of an Integrated Health Survey.

Introduction: Cancers remain an important cause of mortality and morbidity, and overall incidence of cancers continues to increase worldwide with some cancers increasing while others decreasing. Understanding the epidemiology of cancer burden is important for health care planning. Most studies to date have reported incidence based on cancer registry.

Profile of HER2 +ve Gastric Cancers in Brunei Darussalam.

Background: Gastric cancer is the second most common gastrointestinal cancer and is still associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to late presentation and diagnosis at advanced stages. Studies have reported that a variable proportion of gastric cancer is positive for the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and patients with HER2 positive (HER2 +ve) lesions can benefit from targeted therapy. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of HER2 +ve gastric cancers in Brunei Darussalam, a developing Southeast Asian nation.

Diverticular Disease and Colorectal Neoplasms: Association between Left Sided Diverticular Disease with Colorectal Cancers and Right Sided with Colonic Polyps.

Background: Both colorectal cancer (CRC) and diverticular disease (DD) are common in the affluent West, and their prevalence is also increasing in the rest of the world with economic development. Both diseases have common epidemiologic characteristics; increasing incidence, more common with advancing age and related to specific dietary changes. However, studies of associations between the two have generated mixed results with some showing positive correlations, whilst others have shown no or negative links.

Spectrum of cancers among South Asians working in Brunei Darussalam.

Background: Worldwide the incidence of cancers is increasing and this seen more in developing nations. This study looks at the spectrum of cancers among South Asian nationals working in Brunei Darussalam, a developing Southeast Asia nation.

Materials And Methods: The cancer registry from 1994 to 2012 maintained by the State Laboratory was retrospectively reviewed.

Cancers among South-East Asian Nationals in Brunei Darussalam.

Background: Worldwide, the incidence of cancers is increasing and is becoming a major public health issue, including those in the Asia Pacific region. South-East Asia is a region with diverse populations with different disease spectra. This study looked at the spectrum of cancers among South-East Asians working in Brunei Darussalam.

Declining Incidence of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Brunei Darussalam: a Three Decade Study (1986-2014).

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is linked to Epstein Barr virus infection and is particularly common in the Far East, particularly among some Chinese groups. Certain ethnicities have been reported to have low incidence of NPC. This study looked at NPC in Brunei Darussalam over a three decade period.

Increasing Incidence of Colorectal Cancer, Starting at a Younger Age for Rectal Compared to Colon Cancer in Brunei Darussalam.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy and is a significant cause of mortality. Its incidence is generally increasing in Asia. Reports from the West have indicated that the incidence of rectal cancer is increasing in the younger population.

A Cross-sectional Study of Prevalence and Etiology of Childhood Visual Impairment in Auckland, New Zealand.

Purpose: Childhood visual impairment has significant individual and socioeconomic costs with global differences in etiology and prevalence. This study aimed to determine prevalence, etiology, and avoidable causes of childhood visual impairment in New Zealand.

Design: Retrospective data analysis from a national referral center, the Blind and Low Vision Education Network New Zealand, Auckland.

Esophageal Cancer in Brunei Darussalam over a three Decade Period: an Epidemiologic Study of Trends and Differences between Genders and Racial Groups.

Background: Carcinoma of the esophagus is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The most common subtype is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In the past three decades, the incidence of SCC has been reported to be decreasing whereas esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) is increasing.

Poor knowledge of colorectal cancer in Brunei Darussalam.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal cancer and the incidence is increasing in many developing countries. While it can be detected early and even prevented through screening and removal of premalignant lesions, there are barriers to screening which include low level of knowledge and awareness of CRC. This study assessed the level of knowledge of CRC in Brunei Darussalam.

Characteristics of young colorectal cancer in Brunei Darussalam: an epidemiologic study of 29 years (1986-2014).

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal cancer and the incidence is increasing. CRC is more common with increasing age, but a proportion occurs in young adults, termed young CRC. This study assessed the incidence and the demographic of young CRC in Brunei Darussalam.

Profiles of Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric carcinomas in Brunei Darussalam.

Background: Gastric cancer is the second most common gastrointestinal cancer and is largely attributed to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. In addition, studies have also shown association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in 10% of gastric cancers.

Gastric cancer in Brunei Darussalam: epidemiological trend over a 27 year period (1986-2012).

Background: Gastric cancer is the second most common gastrointestinal cancer and is more common in the East, compared to the West. This study assesses the trend of gastric cancers in Brunei Darussalam, a developing nation with a predominantly Malay population.

Materials And Methods: The cancer registry from 1986 to 2012 maintained by the Department of Pathology, the only State Laboratory at the RIPAS Hospital, Ministry of Health, was reviewed and data extracted for analyses.

Cancers of the young population in Brunei Darussalam.

Background: Globally, the overall incidence of cancer is increasing as a result of ageing populations and changing lifestyles. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, especially in the developed nations. Cancers affecting the young population are generally considered uncommon.

Colorectal cancer screening among government servants in Brunei Darussalam.

Background: This study concerns uptake and results of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening of government servant as part of the Health Screening Program that was conducted in Brunei Darussalam in 2009.

Materials And Methods: Government servants above the age of 40 or with family history of CRC were screened with a single fecal occult blood test (FIT, immunohistochemistry). Among 11,576 eligible subjects, 7,360 (66.