[Ischemic stroke associated with patent foramen ovale: hospital database analysis].

Objective: To analyze clinical and instrumental characteristics of patients with ischemic stroke (IS) due to paradoxical embolism according to the data of hospital registers of Moscow and Perm.

Material And Methods: A comprehensive study of 114 patients, aged 18 to 55 years, with IS by the mechanism of paradoxical embolism was carried out. All patients underwent clarification of the cause of IS (electrocardiography, ultrasound scanning of the brachiocephalic arteries, CT or MRI of the brain, CT or MR angiography, transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiography).

Covert Brain Infarcts in Patients with Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative Myeloproliferative Disorders.

Backgrounds And Purpose: Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative disorders (Ph-negative MPD) are a rare group of hematological diseases, including three distinct pathologies: essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). They most often manifest with thrombotic complications, including cerebrovascular events. Covert brain infarcts (CBIs) are defin ed as predominantly small ischemic cerebral lesions that are detected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the absence of clinical stroke events.

[Internal carotid artery dissection in patients with Turner's syndrome].

Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) due to arterial wall weakness (dysplasia) is one of the most common causes of ischemic stroke (IS) at a young age. A rare and little known cause of CeAD is Turner's syndrome (TS)-is an inherited disease caused by completely or partially missing X chromosome. In this paper, we describe 2 female patients, aged 27 and 33 years, with genetically confirmed TS (karyotype 45X0) and internal carotid artery dissection(ICAD).

[Pulmonary arteriovenous shunt - a rare cause of recurrent stroke due to paradoxical embolism].

Paradoxical embolism is one of the mechanisms of ischemic stroke in patients younger than 45 years of age, due to opening between the right and left chambers of the heart through a patent foramen ovale, an atrial or ventricular septal defect, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs), etc. The PAVMs are structurally abnormal vessels that provide direct capillary-free communication between the pulmonary and systemic circulations, and hence an anatomic "right-to-left" shunt. Most pulmonary malformations are congenital and associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease).

[Cognitive disorders in the middle-aged population and cerebrovascular risk factors].

Aim: To study the frequency of subjective and objective cognitive disorders in the middle-aged population and their associations with main and additional cerebrovascular risk factors.

Material And Methods: The authors examined 169 men and 239 women aged 40-59 years. Medical history study, blood tests, electrocardiography, brachiocephalic and common femoral arteries scan, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (MRI) were performed.

Neovascularization of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque and Quantitative Methods of Its Dynamic Assessment in Vivo.

The study demonstrates significant variety of neovascularization degree and vessel diameter in the carotid atherosclerotic plaque. It is suggested that the increase in the number of vessels with a diameter <20 μ can be indicative of increased atherosclerosis activity, while the increase in the number of vessels with a diameter ≥40 μ indicates "reparative potential" of plaques. Duplex contrast-enhanced ultrasound scanning allows characterization of the localization and number of vessels with a diameter of ≥30 μ in the plaque, while even slight elevation of plasma concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor attests, first of all, to increased content of small vessels <30 μ in the plaque.

Ultrasound diagnostics of a spontaneous arteriovenous fistula of the head and neck.

An arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal connection between the arterial and venous systems. In the literature, there are well-described ultrasound findings of iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula as a potential complication from percutaneous transarterial or transvenous procedures. The most important sign is direct visualization of the fistula in the place of the access site.

Superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass with interposed saphenous vein graft in patients with atherosclerotic internal carotid artery occlusive disease and impaired cerebral hemodynamics.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of interposed saphenous vein graft (SVG) usage during extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery in patients with cerebral ischemia and appropriate donor artery absence.

Methods: Since October 2010 till January 2014, 62 EC-IC bypass surgeries were applied in 60 patients. In nineteen patients SVG was used to create low-flow bypasses between superficial temporal artery trunk and cortical segment of middle cerebral artery.

[Transformation of secondary myelodysplastic syndrome to atypical chronic myeloid leukemia in a female patient with acute myeloid leukemia].

Secondary myeloid neoplasia may be a complication of intensive cytostatic therapy. The most common types of secondary neoplasias are acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. The development of secondary atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) is an extremely rare phenomenon.

[Matrix metalloproteinase-9 in plasma of bone marrow aspirates of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome].

There was studied the level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in plasma of bone marrow aspirates in 87 patients: 39 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 48 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). It has been found out an association of the level of MMP-9 in plasma of bone marrow aspirates in patients with AML and MDS with a volume of leukemic mass.

[Identification of people at the latent stage of Parkinson's disease (the PARKINLAR study): first results and an optimization of the algorithm].

Aim: To work out an optimal algorithm to identify people at the latent stage of neurodegenerative process of «parkinsonian» type in the Russian population.

Material And Methods: Authors launched a two-step study aimed at identifying people at the latent stage of Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Russian population - the PARKINLAR (PARKINsonism, LAtent stage, Russia). As the first step, we formed a group of «primary risk» by the identification in neurologically healthy people of at least one of the following confirmed PD risk factors: a) the substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (ultrasound screening was performed in 193 people); b) mutations in «parkinsonian» genes (genetic screening was performed in 29 relatives of PD patients from families with LRRK2, PARK2 and GBA mutations).

[No support for the hypothesis of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis].

Objective. To evaluate the jugular veins (IJV) using duplex sonography in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Material and methods.

[The influence of ezetimibe and simvaststin on platelet aggregation and protein c system in patients with coronary heart disease and hypercholesterolemia].

Therapy with ezetimib (10 mg daily for 2 weeks) caused a 24% reduction of plasma LDL cholesterol level (p < 0.05) and maximum ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation from 76.2 +/- 1.

[Transcranial sonography in Parkinson's disease].

An abnormal hyperechogenecity of substantia nigra is thought to be the most characteristic sonographic feature in Parkinson's disease (PD). However specificity and sensitivity of the ultrasound method should be refined. Using transcranial sonography, authors have examined 168 patients with different clinical signs of parkinsonism, including 99 patients with idiopathic PD, and 56 patients without extrapyramidal disorders.

[Results of proximal vertebral arteries endovascular interventions].

To evaluate immediate and long-term clinical and ultrasound efficacy of proximal vertebral arteries stenting. We studied 74 subjects (age 61+/-10 years) who underwent transluminal balloon angioplasty with stenting of vertebral arteries (77 vessels). Technical success (i.

[Comparative clinical and anatomic characteristic of patients with patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic and noncryptogenic stroke].

In order to study anatomical and functional characteristics of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in patients with cryptogenic stroke and with other stroke subtypes we examined 56 stroke patients (male--35, female--21, age 46.7 +/- 16.5 years) with PFO and ischemic stroke.

[Haemodynamic role of blood-plasma circulating cell-free DNA and contained therein high-molecular-weight CpG-rich fraction in pathogenesis of arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis obliterans of carotid arteries].

The hydrodynamic resistance (HR) of blood is one of the components of the total peripheral resistance. High-molecular-weight DNA appears to decrease the HR in accordance with the Toms's effect. The present study was undertaken to investigate the HR and properties of cell-free DNA circulating in the blood plasma (hereinafter referred to as pDNA) of the control donors, patients suffering from either arterial hypertension (AH) alone or that combined with atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries (CAs).

[Pathogenetic significance of patent foramen ovale in patients with the determined cause of ischemic insult].

The prevalence of open oval window (OOW) in patients with different types of ischemic insult and the possibility of independent pathogenetic contribution of OOW to brain injury were evaluated by examining 85 patients (mean age 53 +/- 14 yr) with cardioembolic (CES), lacunar (LS), and other subtypes of ischemic insult. CT and MRT of the head, duplex scanning of head arteries, contrast transcranial monitoring middle cerebral arteries, standard and contrast transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography revealed OOW in 40% of the patients. It had small anatomic and functional size and a tunnel-like shape.

[Combination of methods of preoperative reserving autoblood components in selective surgery].

Reservation of blood components, done in good time, for autotransfusion to patients being prepared for elective surgery are the method of choice in solution of the tasks of an adequate preoperative preparation of the patients. Using autogenous erythrocytes and plasma increases infective safety and effectiveness of postoperative transfusion therapy. The application of present-day methods of intensive preoperative storage of autohemocomponents and wide using them in every-day medical practice is a necessary condition of the elevation of efficiency of treatment of elective surgical patients.

[The transfusion service in the multi-type medical institution].

The importance of the transfusion maintenance of the curative process becomes so crucial that it needs the institution of specialized service. The practical experience and the analysis of the material testify the necessity of the separate transfusion service in the multi-type medical institution. Its structural and functional characteristics are discussed.

[Effects of efferent methods of treatment on hemostasis in patients with postinfarction aneurysms of the left ventricle].

Surgical operation of coronary shunting with resection of postinfarction aneurysm of the left ventricle (PALV) had to be done on 65 patients. Automatic plasmapheresis (AP) and plasmothrombocytopheresis (PTCA) were performed in the reoperation period for transfusion maintenance. The cellular composition of peripheral blood was not changed under the influence of cellular operations with the exception of thrombocytes: after PTCA their content was reliably decreased.

[Transfusiological aspects of preoperative management of patients for endoprosthesing large joints].

The preliminary preserving of blood components of patients prepared for planned operations is the method of choice in solution of the tasks of adequate preoperative management. The use of autologous erythrocytes and plasma raises the infection safety and effectiveness of postoperative transfusion therapy. Modern methods of intensive preoperative preparation of autohemocomponents and wide introduction of them into the everyday medical practice is considered to be a necessary condition for raising the efficiency of treatment of planned surgical patients.