Race-Specific and Race-Neutral Equations for Lung Function and Asthma Diagnosis in Black Children.

Importance: Use of the race-neutral Global Lung Initiative (GLI) equation has been shown to generate decreased lung function measures in Black children and adults. The effect on asthma detection and diagnosis in children is unknown.

Objective: To compare the use of race-specific vs race-neutral equations on subsequent asthma diagnosis in children.

Short-Term Complications Following Transvaginal Sacrospinous Ligament Rectopexy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) affects over 12% of middle-aged women, characterized by excessive straining, incomplete evacuation, and splinting. Current surgical options such as ventral mesh rectopexy, though effective, involve risks associated with mesh use and abdominal entry. This study evaluates the short-term complications of transvaginal sacrospinous ligament rectopexy.

Catalytic Performance of Highly Dispersed Bimetallic Catalysts for CO Hydrogenation to DME.

Highly dispersed bimetallic atomic-scale catalysts have garnered significant attention in syngas conversion filed due to the synergistic effects of the precisely structured bimetallic site, which facilitate the effective activation of CO. Despite their potential, synthesizing these catalysts to meet the specific application requirements remains challenging. Herein, various bimetallic catalysts were synthesized through the pyrolysis of the bimetallic ZIF precursors which were prepared by in situ doping of different metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) into the ZIF-8 structure.

Effects of Short Preoperative Warming Time on Transurethral Lithotripsy Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Preoperative warming prevents inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (IPH). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preoperative warming (prewarming) on patient thermal protection and to explore the appropriate duration of preoperative warming for clinical practice.

Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial.

The Mediating Effect of Sleep Quality on the Relationship Between Depression and Sense of Control in Women in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

Background: Depression, poor sleep quality, and perceived lack of control all commonly impact women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Depression can influence sleep quality, whereas sense of control during pregnancy is correlated with both sleep quality and depression. However, the mediating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between depression and sense of control has not been examined in women in their third trimester.

Exercise Strategy for Reducing Visceral Adipose Tissue in Community Residents With Obesity: A Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial.

Background: Exercise is the most effective method of reducing visceral adipose tissue (VAT). However, the optimal exercise modality and strategy for reducing VAT have yet to be determined.

Purpose: This study was designed to identify the optimal sequence exercise strategy for reducing VAT in community residents with obesity.

Distorting Local Structures to Modulate Ligand Fields in Vanadium Oxide for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Layered hydrate vanadates are promising cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Various intercalants have been preinserted into the interplanar space of hydrate vanadates with significantly enhanced kinetics and stabilized structures. However, such an enhancement is induced by various intercalants, and the relationship between the property enhancement and the type of intercalant still needs to be revealed.

Anthropometric metabolic subtypes and health outcomes: A data-driven cluster analysis.

Aims: The aims of the study were to develop and validate WHOLISTIIC, a data-driven cluster analysis for identifying anthropometric metabolic subtypes.

Materials And Methods: K-means cluster analysis was performed in 397 424 UK Biobank participants based on five domains, that is, central obesity (waist-to-height ratio), general obesity (body mass index [BMI]), limb strength (handgrip strength), insulin resistance (triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDLc] ratio) and inflammatory condition (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio). Replication was done in the NHANES.

Microglia-Mediated Synaptic Dysfunction Contributes to Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment.

Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) significantly impacts cancer survivors. Due to unclear mechanisms, effective treatments for cognitive deficits are lacking. Here, we examined if microglia-mediated deficits in synaptic plasticity drive CRCI.

Thermally Induced Neodymium-Doped Strategy toward Wide Band Gap Perovskite Solar Cells with a Fill Factor over 86.

To approach the Shockley-Queisser (S-Q) limit in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), enhancing the fill factor (FF), a crucial parameter associated with carrier transport and nonradiative recombination, is of paramount importance. In this paper, the rare earths (RE), neodymium salt is used as dopant of 4-(3-,6-dimethoxy-9h-carbazol-9-butyl) phosphonic acid (MeO-4PACz) to obtain MeO-4PACz:Nd, and Nd migration is induced during annealing. It is worth noting that the uniform diffusion of Nd in the perovskite layer significantly increases the defect-formation energy of perovskite, thus reducing the density of the perovskite defect states, greatly improving the carrier transport rate and inhibited non-radiative recombination.

Prolonged Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Does not Exacerbate Tau Pathology in a Tauopathy Mouse Model.

Background: Several preclinical studies have reported elevated levels of tau following the induction of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. The objective of this study was to first induce CCH in a mouse model of tauopathy over an extended period of up to 6 months and to subsequently investigate the effects of CCH on tau accumulation and alterations in the transcriptome.

Methods: Three-month-old P301S tauopathy mice were randomly allocated to either a Sham or CCH group.

Following changes in brain structure and function with multimodal MRI in a year-long prospective study on the development of Type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To follow disease progression in a rat model of Type 2 diabetes using multimodal MRI to assess changes in brain structure and function.

Material And Methods: Female rats ( = 20) were fed a high fat/high fructose diet or lab chow starting at 90 days of age. Diet fed rats were given streptozotocin to compromise pancreatic beta cells, while chow fed controls received vehicle.

Machine learning to evaluate the relationship between social determinants and diabetes prevalence in New York City.

Introduction: Diabetes is a leading contributor to cardiovascular disease and mortality; social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with disparities in diabetes risk. Quantifying the cumulative impact of SDOH and identifying the SDOH most associated with diabetes prevalence at the neighbourhood level can help policy-makers design and target local interventions to mitigate these disparities. Machine learning (ML) methods can provide novel insights and help inform public health intervention strategies in a place-based manner.

Client perspectives on creating supportive sexual health environments for people with persistent anxiety: a qualitative study.

Objectives: We sought to explore sexual health service clients' perspectives, preferences and suggestions for how to better address or alleviate anxiety among clients of sexual health services (eg, sexually transmitted infection testing) regarding both online and in-person sexual health services among those who experience persistent anxiety.

Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews with 27 sexual health service clients with persistent experiences of anxiety in British Columbia, Canada. Participants were recruited from respondents to a COVID-19-related sexual health survey who consented to follow up.

Assessing predictability of environmental time series with statistical and machine learning models.

The ever increasing popularity of machine learning methods in virtually all areas of science, engineering and beyond is poised to put established statistical modeling approaches into question. Environmental statistics is no exception, as popular constructs such as neural networks and decision trees are now routinely used to provide forecasts of physical processes ranging from air pollution to meteorology. This presents both challenges and opportunities to the statistical community, which could contribute to the machine learning literature with a model-based approach with formal uncertainty quantification.

Incorporation of robotic automated transcranial Doppler to screen for patent foramen ovale (PFO) and quantify right-to-left shunt severity in the evaluation of ischemic stroke patients for etiology and PFO management.

Background: Right-to-left shunt (RLS) associated with patent foramen ovale (PFO) is common among cryptogenic strokes. Current diagnostic tools have limitations. Transthoratic echocardiography (TTE) is not as sensitive as Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), TEE is invasive, and manual transcranial Doppler (TCD) requires trained staff to operate.

A novel automated IHC staining system for quality control application in ALK immunohistochemistry testing.

The establishment of positive and negative controls in immunohistochemistry (IHC) screening for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements is essential in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. However, positive control of patient tissue is rare and comes with ethical issues. A novel automated solution for ALK IHC quality control management was investigated by comparison with the established D5F3 antibody on the VENTANA system in 87 lung adenocarcinoma specimens with known ALK status re-analyzed by fluorescence hybridization.

Geographical origin traceability of kiwifruit products using stable isotope and multi-element analysis with multivariate modeling: Feature extraction, selection of model and variable, and discrimination.

The mislabeling of kiwifruit origin frequently disturbs market competition and governmental supervision, significantly undermines brand reputation and consumer rights. In this work, a total of 370 kiwifruits from 8 different countries in global were collected, and 6 stable isotope ratios (SIRs), 10 mineral elements (MEs), and 16 rare earth elements (REEs) were determined for origin traceability study. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that regional differences of 32 variables are at significant level ( value =0.

Design of a mobile application for universal screening for women of child-bearing age engaged in comprehensive addiction and recovery environments (WE-CARE) for substance use and women from the general population.

Objective: Formative research was conducted to identify barriers to universal screening for alcohol/substance use, depression, and anxiety in women of childbearing age (WOCA,18-44 years of age) drawn from the general population and from women in a residential treatment program for alcohol and/or drug use.

Methods: E-surveys ( = 467), focus groups with women aged 18-44 ( = 30), and in-depth interviews (IDIs) with healthcare providers (HCPs, = 8) were conducted to create a user-centered design for a mHealth application.

Results: E-surveys revealed that 80% of the women were asked about alcohol use at a visit with their HCP, while 70% were asked about drug use.

Effects of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate injection on pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules and chemokines in Chinese patients with atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Inflammation, as the basic pathogenic mechanism of atherosclerosis, promotes the development of atherosclerosis (AS) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In numerous experiments based on animal and cellular models, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) injection has been found to reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and chemokines in patients with AS and ASCVD, exerting an anti-inflammatory effect to treat the disease.

Objectives: This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to quantify the effects of STS on pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and chemokines in patients with AS and ASCVD.

Tailoring Octahedron-Tetrahedron Synergism in Spinel Catalysts for Acidic Water Electrolysis.

The instability issues of oxide-based electrocatalysts during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under acidic conditions, caused by the oxidation and dissolution of the catalysts along with the current-capacitance effect, constrain their application in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). To address these challenges, we tailored the spinel structure of CoO and exploited the synergism between the tetrahedron and octahedron sites by partially substituting Co with Ni and Ru (denoted as NiRuCoO), respectively. Such a catalyst design creates a Ru-O-Ni electronic coupling effect, facilitating a direct dioxygen radical-coupled OER pathway.

Deactivated Cas9-Engineered Magnetic Micromotors toward a Point-of-Care Digital Viral RNA Assay.

Digital nucleic acid assays, known for their high sensitivity and specificity, typically rely on fluorescent readouts and expensive and complex nanowell manufacturing, which constrain their broader use in point-of-care (POC) application. Here, we introduce an alternative digital molecular diagnostics, termed dCRISTOR, by seamlessly integrating deactivated Cas9 (dCas9)-engineered micromotors, extraction-free loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), low-cost bright field microscopy, and deep learning-enabled image processing. The micromotor, composed of a polystyrene sphere attached to a magnetic bead, incorporates a dCas9 ribonucleoprotein complex.

Iron Single-Atom Based Double-Reaction-Center Catalysis Triggers Internal-Driven and External-Driven Pathways for Green Fenton-Like Chemistry.

Double-reaction-centers (DRCs) Fenton-like chemistry with low or zero oxidant addition has garnered increasing attentions due to their alignment with the principles of green and sustainable development. However, the regulation of such processes remains a significant challenge, primarily due to deficiencies in the microscopic interpretation of their electron migration mechanisms operating with low or zero oxidant addition. In this work, iron single-atom DRCs catalyst (Fe/N-SAC) was prepared for internal-driven system (zero oxidant addition) and external-driven system (low peroxymonosulfate [PMS] addition).

Robust behavioral assessment of the inducible Friedreich's ataxia mouse does not show improvement with NRF2 induction.

Friedreich's ataxia, a recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the frataxin (Fxn) gene, has few mouse models that demonstrate a progressive behavioral decline paralleling patients. A mouse model of systemic frataxin deficiency, the FXNKD, was recently developed using a doxycycline inducible method; it is thought to mimic the patient phenotype seen where frataxin levels are decreased, but it is not determined whether it is reliable for assessment of therapeutics. FXNKD mice underwent testing for twelve weeks alongside littermates, undergoing tests of motor function, gait, and sensation.