Occurrence rate and risk factors for rest and procedural pain in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To summarize the occurrence rates and identified the risk factors for pain at rest and during procedures in critically ill patients.

Methods: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Embase, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science Core Collection and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I databases were searched from inception to January 10, 2025, for relevant studies.