In Vitro Anti-Leptospiral Activity of Extracts and Their Combinations with Antibiotics.

Despite modern medicine, there is an increasing trend for cases of the bacterial infection leptospirosis, and this has led to the exploration of alternative medicines from various sources including plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-leptospiral activity of extracts alone and combined with penicillin G, ceftriaxone, and doxycycline. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution broth technique upon methanol extract (ME), aqueous extract (AE), and antibiotics against the serovars Australis, Bataviae, Canicola, and Javanica, to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs).