Changes in bacterial diversity of full-scale anaerobic digesters treating secondary sludge.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of secondary sludge (2S) presents challenges because of its high microbial content and complex cell wall structures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of spatiotemporally-variable factors such as water temperature and dietary habits on the 2S bacterial community and its migration into digesters. Bacterial communities and functions were analyzed using high-throughput pyrosequencing.

VOZ1 and VOZ2 transcription factors regulate arsenic tolerance and distribution in rice and Arabidopsis.

Rice is the major source of arsenic (As) intake in humans, as this staple crop readily accumulates As in the grain. Identifying the genes and molecular mechanisms underlying As accumulation and tolerance is a crucial step toward developing rice with reduced As levels. We identified 25 rice genes that improve As tolerance in yeast cells by expressing a complementary DNA (cDNA) library generated from As-treated rice roots.

Effect of fish waste augmentation on anaerobic co-digestion of sludge with food waste.

The effect of sudden augmentation with fish waste (FW) on an operating anaerobic digester was investigated. Fifteen repeated FW spikes (FWS) composed of 1% or 5% FW per working volume of digester were suddenly fed into semi-continuous operation of a mixture of sludge and food waste. Overall process efficiency was not inhibited by FW augmentation.

Early seed development requires the A-type ATP-binding cassette protein ABCA10.

A-type ATP-binding cassette (ABCA) proteins transport lipids and lipid-based molecules in humans, and their malfunction is associated with various inherited diseases. Although plant genomes encode many ABCA transporters, their molecular and physiological functions remain largely unknown. Seeds are rapidly developing organs that rely on the biosynthesis and transport of large quantities of lipids to generate new membranes and storage lipids.

Effect of different microbial seeds on batch anaerobic digestion of fish waste.

Initial microbial compositions would be the precursor for the efficient anaerobic digestion (AD) of fish waste (FW). A mesophilic batch test was conducted using four seeds collected from different digesters treating various combinations of substrates to investigate their effects on FW degradation. Key microbial groups were identified by 16s rRNA gene-based metagenomics analysis.

Shift in methanogenic community in protein degradation using different inocula.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of protein-rich wastes is problematic due to production of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. In this work, eight inocula were used in batch AD of solutions of gelatin and gluten at 3 g COD substrate/1g VSS inoculum. AD plants from which inocula originated were treating food waste or food wastewater, wastewater sludge, or a combination of them.

Disruption of cyanobacterial γ-aminobutyric acid shunt pathway reduces metabolites levels in tricarboxylic acid cycle, but enhances pyruvate and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) accumulation.

The photoautotrophic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 assimilates carbon dioxide as the sole carbon source, and a major portion of the assimilated carbon is metabolically consumed by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Effects of partial interference of TCA cycle metabolic activity on other carbon metabolism have yet to be examined.