Localized pseudomembranous gastritis associated with hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertensive gastropathy: a case report.

Pseudomembranes in the large and small intestines are common in hospitalized patients that are immunosuppressed or on certain oral antibiotics. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis, histologically characterized by volcanic-like eruption of inflammatory cellular exudate from the mucosal surface, is mainly attributed to toxins and often presents with symptomatic diarrhea. Rarely, there are case reports of similar pseudomembranous lesions limited to the stomach in the absence of intestinal involvement.

Report of multiple high-grade gliomas in two patients with shared retained ATRX, wild-type IDH, losses of CDKN2A genes and alterations in the PTEN-PI3K axis.

Solitary gliomas have been well described in the literature. Multiple gliomas, however, have not received the same notoriety, and as such further studies may be helpful in elucidating their unique clinicopathologic features and molecular basis. We present two patients, each with multiple high-grade gliomas, and describe their clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics in comparison with those reported in the literature in an attempt to better understand their shared tumorigenic mechanisms.

Protective Efficacy of BCG Vaccine against and Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Infections.

The genus mycobacterium includes several species that are known to cause infections in humans. The microorganisms are classified into tuberculous and non-tuberculous based on their morphological characteristics, defined by the dynamic relationship between the host defenses and the infectious agent. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) include all the species of mycobacterium other than the ones that cause tuberculosis (TB).

Diagnostic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Combined with the Bethesda System of Reporting.

Background: Image-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is emerging as an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of thyroid swellings.

Aim: This study aims to assess the efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided FNAC combined with "The Bethesda system' of reporting as a primary screening test for all thyroid lesions.

Settings And Design: A prospective cohort study was made and all the US-guided FNACs done were followed up to find out the histopathological diagnoses wherever surgery was done.

Role of adverse pathological features in surgically treated early oral cavity carcinomas with adequate margins and the development of a scoring system to predict local control.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting local control in patients with T1N0 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 144 patients with pT1N0 SCC of the tongue who underwent wide excision and neck dissection without adjuvant therapy.

Results: The adverse pathological features associated with local control were least margin 5 mm (P = .

The Synergistic Effects of the Glutathione Precursor, NAC and First-Line Antibiotics in the Granulomatous Response Against .

(), the causative bacterial agent responsible for tuberculosis (TB) continues to afflict millions of people worldwide. Although the human immune system plays a critical role in containing infection, elimination proves immensely more challenging. Consequently, there has been a worldwide effort to eradicate, and limit the spread of through the conventional use of first-line antibiotics.

Prevalence of adverse pathological features in 1 to 4 cm low-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Background: The American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommends thyroid lobectomy for 1 to 4 cm tumors without adverse features. We studied the prevalence of adverse pathological features in patients eligible for unilateral lobectomy.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy.

"Deep Extrinsic Muscle Involvement" Is a Fallacy in the American Joint Committee on Cancer's Seventh Edition of Tumor Staging of Oral Cavity Cancers.

Purpose: The seventh edition of tumor staging by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) includes extrinsic muscle involvement to define stage T4a tongue carcinomas. The anatomic location of extrinsic muscles predisposes them to early involvement even in superficial tumors. The purpose of this study was to expose a fallacy in this staging system for extrinsic muscle involvement.

Effect of external volume expansion on the survival of fat grafts.

Introduction: External volume expansion (EVE) is one method, which has been utilised for increasing the survival of adipose tissue grafts. EVE releases positive pressure from the graft and also induces intense levels of edema that decreases diffusion of metabolites essential for graft survival initially. The ideal timing of external volume expansion in relation to the injection of the fat to facilitate survival is not yet clear.

Congenital epulides: a rare case report.

Congenital epulis (CE) or "Granular cell epulis" also previously termed as "Neumann's tumor" is a benign growth arising from the mucosa of the gingiva, typically seen as a mass protruding from the infant's mouth, often interfering with respiration and feeding. These tumors generally present as a single mass arising from the upper alveolus. We report a rare case of two congenital epulides arising from the maxillary and mandibular alveolus in a day old female infant, which was surgically excised, allowing for early initiation of breast feeding.

Investigation into celiac disease in Indian patients with portal hypertension.

Background: There is limited data on celiac disease in patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis or idiopathic noncirrhotic intrahepatic portal hypertension (NCIPH). Our objective was to evaluate for celiac disease in patients with portal hypertension in India.

Methods: Consecutive patients with portal hypertension having cryptogenic chronic liver disease (cases) and hepatitis B- or C-related cirrhosis (controls) were prospectively enrolled.