Valuation of the EORTC Quality of Life Utility Core 10 Dimensions (QLU-C10D) in a Multi-ethnic Asian Setting: How Does Having Cancer Matter?

Objectives: The aim of the study was to develop and compare utility value sets for the EORTC QLU-C10D, a cancer-specific utility instrument based on the EORTC QLQ-C30, using the preferences of the general public and cancer patients in Singapore, and to assess their measurement properties.

Methods: A total of 600 individuals from the general public were recruited using a multi-stage random sampling, along with 626 cancer patients with clinically confirmed diagnoses from outpatient clinics of the largest tertiary cancer hospital. Each participant valued 16 pairs of EORTC QLU-C10D health states using a discrete choice experiment (DCE).

Correlation of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte and Albumin-Globulin Ratios With Outcomes in Patients With Breast Cancer Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy or Upfront Surgery.

Purpose: Higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLRs) indicate a pro-inflammatory state and are associated with poor survival. Conversely, higher albumin-globulin ratio (AGRs) may be associated with improved prognosis. We aimed to investigate the association between NLR and AGR and prognosis and survival in patients with breast cancer.

Inferring cancer disease response from radiology reports using large language models with data augmentation and prompting.

Objective: To assess large language models on their ability to accurately infer cancer disease response from free-text radiology reports.

Materials And Methods: We assembled 10 602 computed tomography reports from cancer patients seen at a single institution. All reports were classified into: no evidence of disease, partial response, stable disease, or progressive disease.

The Impact of Statin Use and Breast Cancer Recurrence - A Retrospective Study in Singapore.

Introduction: Statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are commonly used cholesterol-lowering medications which are also increasingly recognized to have anti-cancer properties for various cancers, including breast cancer. Most clinical evidence supports a protective effect of statin on reducing breast cancer recurrence, particularly in hormone-receptor positive breast cancers.This study seeks to study the impact of statin use on breast cancer recurrence in an Asian population.

Breast cancer risk stratification for mammographic screening: A nation-wide screening cohort of 24,431 women in Singapore.

Background: Breast cancer incidence is increasing in Asia. However, few women in Singapore attend routine mammography screening. We aim to identify women at high risk of breast cancer who will benefit most from regular screening using the Gail model and information from their first screen (recall status and mammographic density).

Cost-effectiveness of olaparib maintenance therapy when used with and without restriction by mutation status for platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer.

: To determine whether olaparib maintenance therapy, used with and without restriction by mutation status, is cost-effective at the population level for platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer in Singapore.: A partitioned survival model compared three management strategies: 1) treat all patients with olaparib; 2) test for germline mutation, followed by targeted olaparib use in mutation carriers only; 3) observe all patients. Mature overall survival (OS) data from Study 19 and a 15-year time horizon were used and direct medical costs were applied.

Impact of Cryotherapy on Sensory, Motor, and Autonomic Neuropathy in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Paclitaxel: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

We conducted a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of cryotherapy in preventing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in patients with early breast cancer receiving neo/adjuvant weekly paclitaxel. Patients were recruited from the National Cancer Centre Singapore and randomized (1:1) to receive either cryotherapy or usual care. Cryotherapy was applied as frozen gloves and socks on all extremities from 15 min before paclitaxel until 15 min post-infusion every cycle.

A multicenter phase II randomized trial of durvalumab (MEDI-4736) versus physician's choice chemotherapy in recurrent ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (MOCCA).

Background: The optimal treatment of recurrent ovarian clear cell carcinoma remains unknown. There is increasing rationale to support the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis in ovarian clear cell carcinoma.

Primary Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of durvalumab (MEDI-4736) compared with standard chemotherapy in patients with recurrent ovarian clear cell carcinoma.

Biallelic NF1 inactivation in high grade serous ovarian cancers from patients with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a multisystem disorder caused by germline heterozygous NF1 loss-of-function variants. The NF1 gene encodes neurofibromin, a RAS GTPase-activating protein, which functions by down-regulating RAS/RAF/MAPK-signalling pathways. Somatic NF1 aberrations frequently occur in sporadic ovarian cancer (OC), but the incidence of OC in NF1 patients is rare.

Impact of deviation from guideline recommended treatment on breast cancer survival in Asia.

Breast cancer survival has improved with significant progress in treatment and disease management. However, compliance with treatment varies. Treatment guidelines for older patients are unclear.

Incidence of breast cancer attributable to breast density, modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in Singapore.

Incidence of breast cancer is rising rapidly in Asia. Some breast cancer risk factors are modifiable. We examined the impact of known breast cancer risk factors, including body mass index (BMI), reproductive and hormonal risk factors, and breast density on the incidence of breast cancer, in Singapore.

Ovarian Cancer Incidence in the Multi-Ethnic Asian City-State of Singapore 1968-2012.

Purpose: We investigate ovarian cancer incidence between 1968 and 2012 in Singapore, a multiethnic Asian city state.

Methods: Aggregated data of ovarian epithelial cancer numbers and estimated person-years from 1968 to 2012 were obtained from Singapore Cancer Registry. Age-Period-Cohort modelling was performed.

Factors associated with false-positive mammography at first screen in an Asian population.

Introduction: False-positive recall is an issue in national screening programmes. The aim of this study is to investigate the recall rate at first screen and to identify potential predictors of false-positive recall in a multi-ethnic Asian population-based breast cancer screening programme.

Methods: Women aged 50-64 years attending screening mammography for the first time (n = 25,318) were included in this study.

Reproductive factors, obesity and risk of colorectal cancer in a cohort of Asian women.

Background: This study evaluated reproductive factors and obesity in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC) in Asian women.

Methods: The study cohort comprised 28191 women who were recruited between 1994 and 1997. During 18 years of prospective follow-up, 404 and 212 women developed colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC) respectively.

Replication and Meta-analysis of the Association between BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism and Cognitive Impairment in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy.

Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) adversely affects cancer patients. We had previously demonstrated that the BDNF Val66Met genetic polymorphism is associated with lower odds of subjective CRCI in the multitasking and verbal ability domains among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. To further assess our previous findings, we evaluated the association of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism with subjective and objective CRCI in a temporally separate cohort of patients and pooled findings from both the original (n = 145) and current (n = 193) cohorts in a meta-analysis.

Mutational Aberrations Detected in Mucinous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer of Asian Women.

Background: Mucinous epithelial ovarian cancers (mEOCs) respond poorly to conventional chemotherapy and have a poor prognosis in advanced stages. The genomic landscape for mEOC in the Asian settings is ill defined. We seek to identify various mutational aberrations present in mEOC and correlate them with clinical outcomes.

Determinants of breast size in Asian women.

Breast size as a risk factor of breast cancer has been studied extensively with inconclusive results. Here we examined the associations between breast size and breast cancer risk factors in 24,353 Asian women aged 50 to 64 years old enrolled in a nationwide mammography screening project conducted between October 1994 and February 1997. Information on demographic and reproductive factors was obtained via a questionnaire.

Association of mitochondrial DNA content in peripheral blood with cancer-related fatigue and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment in early-stage breast cancer patients: a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) are reported to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, is hypothesized to correlate with the onset of CRF and CRCI. This study aims to evaluate the association between peripheral blood mtDNA content reduction and severity of CRF and CRCI in patients receiving chemotherapy.

Predictors of Hand-Foot Syndrome and Pyridoxine for Prevention of Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a common adverse effect of capecitabine treatment.

Objective: To compare the incidence and time to onset of grade 2 or greater HFS in patients receiving pyridoxine vs placebo and to identify biomarkers predictive of HFS.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This single-center, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial conducted at National Cancer Centre Singapore assessed whether oral pyridoxine could prevent the onset of grade 2 or higher HFS in 210 patients scheduled to receive single-agent capecitabine chemotherapy for breast, colorectal, and other cancers.

Coriolus versicolor (Yunzhi) Use as Therapy in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Poor Liver Function or Who Are Unfit for Standard Therapy.

Background: The majority of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are inoperable and results with conventional chemotherapy are dismal. Many end up with no treatment options and resort to alternative medicine. The authors report the use of Coriolus versicolor (CV) in advanced HCC patients with poor liver function or who were unfit to receive standard therapy.

Outcomes of Incidental Fallopian Tube High-Grade Serous Carcinoma and Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma in Women at Low Risk of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer.

Objectives: The natural history and optimal management of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), regardless of BRCA status, is unknown. We report the follow-up findings of a series of incidental fallopian tube high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) and STICs identified in women at low risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), undergoing surgery for other indications.

Materials And Methods: Cases of incidental STIC and HGSC were identified from 2008.

Reproductive factors and lung cancer risk among women in the Singapore Breast Cancer Screening Project.

Objectives: A growing body of literature suggests that female hormones play a role in lung cancer risk. Our study aims to examine the relationship between reproductive factors and lung cancer incidence in a large prospectively enrolled cohort in Singapore.

Materials And Methods: Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of lung cancer for each exposure, adjusting for smoking, age at entry, ethnicity and body mass index.

Mammographic Breast Density and Common Genetic Variants in Breast Cancer Risk Prediction.

Introduction: Known prediction models for breast cancer can potentially by improved by the addition of mammographic density and common genetic variants identified in genome-wide associations studies known to be associated with risk of the disease. We evaluated the benefit of including mammographic density and the cumulative effect of genetic variants in breast cancer risk prediction among women in a Singapore population.

Methods: We estimated the risk of breast cancer using a prospective cohort of 24,161 women aged 50 to 64 from Singapore with available mammograms and known risk factors for breast cancer who were recruited between 1994 and 1997.