Smartphone Applications-Based Intervention to Reduce Body Mass Index and Improve Health-Related Behavior Among Children with Overweight/Obesity: A Pilot Clinical Trial.

Objectives: To assess changes in body mass index (BMI), diet and physical activity (PA) of 8-15-y-old children with overweight/ obesity, following a smartphone applications-based intervention; and to understand facilitators and barriers for BMI reduction.

Methods: Children were enrolled through online sessions on childhood obesity for students, parents and teachers at five private schools in Delhi, and requesting parents who perceived their children as having obesity to contact the study team. Eligibility was confirmed through home visit by a technician.

A Rare Case of Congenital Buccal Lipoblastoma in a Term Neonate.

A lipoblastoma is a benign tumor of adipocytes originating from embryonic white fat and occurs in the pediatric population. Congenital lipoblastomas, however, are rare, and the incidence of these tumors in neonates is unknown. Due to their rare presentation, congenital oral lipoblastomas can, firstly, pose diagnostic challenges for the pediatrician and must be differentiated from the more commonly seen oral lesions in the newborn and other rare malignant growths.

Developing an Implementation Model for ADHD Intervention in Community Clinics: Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Digital Technology.

Implementation of behavior therapy for ADHD faces challenges in community settings. We describe development of a community-based implementation model for adolescent ADHD behavior therapy (Supporting Teens' Autonomy Daily; STAND) blended with Motivational Interviewing (MI). A stakeholder-engaged development approach is used based on the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework.

Algae-synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles for antibiotic degradation in water and subsequent bioenergy production.

Unlabelled: In the present study, CeO nanoparticles were synthesized using one-pot green route with high yield using microalgae The synthesized CeO nanoparticles (CeO-np) exhibited rapid photocatalytic degradation 98.2% of doxycycline (DC) (20 mg/L) in only 30 min under visible light at pH7 in water. It was encouraging that CeO-np did not demonstrate a loss of photocatalytic activity up to five repeated cycles, confirming its stability during the degradation process.

Resilience Against Resistance: Exploring Cutting-edge Therapies for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] stands as an enduring threat within healthcare landscapes, characterized by its ability to rapidly evolve and develop resistance to conventional antibiotics. This comprehensive review embarks on a journey through the historical landscape of MRSA, elucidating its initial emergence and subsequent evolution of resistance mechanisms over time. The narrative unfolds to underscore the profound impact of MRSA on patient outcomes and healthcare systems globally.

An Insight into Medicinal Chemistry and SAR Studies of Cholinesterase and BACE-1 Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a serious neurodegenerative condition that predominantly impacts the cholinergic neurons of the entorhinal cortex and hippocampal regions, playing a critical role in learning, navigation, and brain processing. This paper aims to discuss the three main hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease, focusing on neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production, particularly analyzing the susceptibility differences between genders. Our comprehensive review focuses on significant findings from the past five years, particularly on Cholinesterase (ChE) and BACE-1 inhibitors.

Ceria nanoparticles immobilized with self-assembling peptide for biocatalytic applications.

Peptide-based artificial enzymes exhibit structure and catalytic mechanisms comparable to natural enzymes but they suffer from limited reusability due to their existence in homogenous solutions. Immobilization of self-assembling peptides on the surface of nanoparticles can be used to overcome limitations associated with artificial enzymes. A high, local density of peptides can be obtained on nanoparticles to exert cooperative or synergistic effects, resulting in an accelerated rate of reaction, distinct catalytic properties, and excellent biocompatibility.

Heterocyclic compounds as xanthine oxidase inhibitors for the management of hyperuricemia: synthetic strategies, structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies (2018-2024).

Hyperuricemia is characterized by higher-than-normal levels of uric acid in the bloodstream. This condition can increase the likelihood of developing gout, a form of arthritis triggered by the deposition of urate crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. An essential part of purine metabolism is played by the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO), which transforms xanthine and hypoxanthine into uric acid.

Recent Developments in the Antimicrobial Potential of Some Nitrogenous Heterocycles and their SAR Studies: A Review.

Background: Infection remains a significant global health concern, with millions of new cases and deaths occurring due to infectious diseases. Currently, chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy are the primary treatments, but side effects and toxicities pose challenges. Pathogenic microorganisms have developed resistance to antimicrobial medications.

Nano-nutraceuticals to Combat Oxidative Stress: Unlocking Newer Paradigms in Adjuvant Therapy.

Nutraceuticals are products that provide both nutritional and therapeutic benefits. These compounds can slow the aging process and provide physiological effects shielding individuals from acute and chronic diseases. People's interests have shifted from allopathic to Ayurvedic to nutraceuticals in recent years.

Unlocking InhA: Novel approaches to inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis continues to pose a health security risk and remains a public health emergency. Antimicrobial resistance result from treatment regimens that are both insufficient and incomplete leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis and totally drug-resistant tuberculosis. The impact of tuberculosis on the people suffering from HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus infection) have resulted in the increased research efforts in designing and discovery of novel antitubercular drugs that may result in decreasing treatment duration, minimising the need for multiple drug intake, minimising cytotoxicity and enhancing the mechanism of action of drug.

An insight into recent updates on analytical techniques for bioactive alkaloids.

Introduction: Alkaloids represent a wide class of naturally existing nitrogen-containing organic compounds having diverse biological activities. They are primary bioactive substances extracted from diverse plant parts. Due to their diverse biological activities, they are frequently used as medicines.

Neuroprotective Effect of Natural Indole and β-carboline Alkaloids against Parkinson's Disease: An Overview.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating neurodegenerative condition that mostly damages dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and impairs human motor function. Males are more likely than females to have PD. There are two main pathways associated with PD: one involves the misfolding of α-synuclein, which causes neurodegeneration, and the other is the catalytic oxidation of dopamine via MAO-B, which produces hydrogen peroxide that can cause mitochondrial damage.

The Future of Yoga for Mental Health Care.

Yoga is an integrated holistic system originating in India that provides a path to alleviate physical, mental, and emotional suffering. Interest in the application of yoga in health care to manage and treat psychiatric conditions has grown. While research and clinical interventions using yoga show promising results for improving mental and emotional well-being, more data are needed.

Lower Carbon Footprint Concrete Using Recycled Carbon Fiber for Targeted Strength and Insulation.

The production of concrete leads to substantial carbon emissions (~8%) and includes reinforcing steel which is prone to corrosion and durability issues. Carbon-fiber-reinforced concrete is attractive for structural applications due to its light weight, high modulus, high strength, low density, and resistance to environmental degradation. Recycled/repurposed carbon fiber (rCF) is a promising alternative to traditional steel-fiber reinforcement for manufacturing lightweight and high-strength concrete.

Inspire self report scale (ISRS): A feasibility study of a Novel self report scale for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Clinician-rated symptom scales are the current standard for outcome measures in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) research. There has been growing interest in the development of self-report measures for people with SSD to support measurement-based care and inclusive research. We developed the Inspire Self Report Scale (ISRS), which measures the current magnitude of well-being, mood symptoms, psychosis, negative symptoms and cognition using 10 questions on a Likert or Visual analogue scale (VAS).

Current Trends of Analytical Techniques for Bioactive Terpenoids: A Review.

Terpenes and terpenoids are the primary bioactive substances present in essential volatile oils, condensed liquids extracted from diverse plant parts. These substances demonstrate remarkable biological activity and are frequently used as medicines, food additives, and scent molecules. Terpenoids have a wide range of pharmacological effects on the human body, including the treatment, prevent, and reduce the discomfort associated with a number of chronic illnesses.

A Novel Bio-Adhesive Mesh System for Medical Implant Applications: In Vivo Assessment in a Rabbit Model.

Injectable surgical sealants and adhesives, such as biologically derived fibrin gels and synthetic hydrogels, are widely used in medical products. While such products adequately adhere to blood proteins and tissue amines, they have poor adhesion with polymer biomaterials used in medical implants. To address these shortcomings, we developed a novel bio-adhesive mesh system utilizing the combined application of two patented technologies: a bifunctional poloxamine hydrogel adhesive and a surface modification technique that provides a poly-glycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) layer grafted with human serum albumin (HSA) to form a highly adhesive protein surface on polymer biomaterials.

Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticle-Loaded, Self-Assembled Peptide Gel with Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Proangiogenic Properties for Wound Healing.

Chronic wounds are a major healthcare challenge owing to their complex healing mechanism and number of impediments to the healing process, like infections, unregulated inflammation, impaired cellular functions, poor angiogenesis, and enhanced protease activity. Current topical care strategies, such as surgical debridement, absorption of exudates, drug-loaded hydrogels for infection and inflammation management, and exogenous supply of growth factors for angiogenesis and cell proliferation, slow the progression of wounds and reduce patient suffering but suffer from low overall cure rates. Therefore, we have developed a proteolytically stable, multifunctional nanoparticle loaded-peptide gel with inherent anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and pro-angiogenic properties to provide a favorable wound healing milieu by restoring impaired cellular functions.

An analysis of emergency surgery on coronavirus disease positive patients and their outcomes during the coronavirus pandemic: A retrospective observational study.

Background: The primary objective of this study was to determine the outcome of emergency surgery in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with regard to presently existing physical status, and highlight its subspecialty distribution.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was done on all patients who underwent emergency surgery between March 2020 and Dec 2021 and were positive for COVID-19. Data collection included the age of the patients, gender, diagnosis, the type of surgery performed, and outcome.

Bioinformatics Paradigms in Drug Discovery and Drug Development.

Despite breakthroughs in medical sciences, drug development remains a timeconsuming, expensive, challenging, and inefficient process with a high failure rate for novel therapeutic discoveries. Bioinformatics analysis can speed up drug target identification, drug candidate screening, and refining, but it can also help characterise adverse effects and anticipate drug resistance. Integrated genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics have resulted in potent new tactics for resolving numerous biochemical problems and establishing new methodologies that result in new biomedical products.