Data-driven discovery of Tsallis-like distribution using symbolic regression in high-energy physics.

The application of atificial intelligence (AI) in fundamental physics has faced limitations due to its inherently uninterpretable nature, which is less conducive to solving physical problems where natural phenomena are expressed in human-understandable language, i.e. mathematical equations.

The HYdrocortisone for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Respiratory and Developmental (HYBRiD) outcomes study: protocol for a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) affects up to half of extremely preterm infants, and is associated with adverse long-term respiratory, neurodevelopmental, and educational sequelae and costly health service and family economic outcomes. The NICHD Neonatal Research Network Hydrocortisone for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) Trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of hydrocortisone treatment to prevent BPD in high-risk infants. The trial enrolled 800 very preterm infants with respiratory failure and followed the participants until 2 years corrected age to assess safety of the trial intervention.

Association of antenatal steroid administration with neonatal morbidities among late preterm multiple gestation infants.

Background: There is limited evidence on the efficacy of antenatal steroids (ANS) among women with multiple gestations at risk of late preterm delivery.

Study Design: This retrospective study included multiple gestation, late preterm infants (34-36 weeks' gestational age), born between January 2013 and December 2022. The primary outcome was composite respiratory outcome, defined as the need for respiratory support by 72 hours of age.

Impact of Delirium Onset and Duration on Mortality in Patients With Cancer Admitted to the ICU.

Background: Little is known on the effects of delirium onset and duration on outcome in critically ill patients with cancer.

Objectives: To determine the impact of delirium onset and duration on intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS) in patients with cancer.

Methods: Of the 915 ICU patients admitted in 2018, 371 were included for analysis after excluding for terminal disease, <24-h ICU stay, lack of active cancer and delirium.

Neonatal resuscitation program (NRP) guidelines and timing of major resuscitation events in delivery rooms at a level III NICU: Understanding deviations.

Objective: To describe the timing of major resuscitation events in the Delivery room.

Methods: A retrospective study of neonates born at a level III birthing hospital who received chest compressions in the delivery room was conducted. The timing of the resuscitation events i.

Association of maternal pre-pregnancy or first trimester body mass index with neurodevelopmental impairment or death in extremely low gestational age neonates.

Objective: To compare the rates of death or survival with severe neurodevelopmental impairment (sNDI) at 2 years among extremely preterm infants in relation to pre-pregnancy or first-trimester maternal body mass index (BMI).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included extremely preterm infants (gestational age 22-26 weeks). The study was conducted at National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network sites.

Platelet transfusions in adult thrombocytopenic ICU patients: Protocol for a sub-study of the PLOT-ICU cohort.

Introduction: Platelet transfusions are frequently used in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but contemporary epidemiological data are sparse. We aim to present contemporary international data on the use of platelet transfusions in adult ICU patients with thrombocytopenia.

Methods: This is a protocol and statistical analysis plan for a post hoc sub-study of 504 thrombocytopenic patients from the 'Thrombocytopenia and platelet transfusions in ICU patients: an international inception cohort study (PLOT-ICU)'.

Tissue Oxygenation Changes After Transfusion and Outcomes in Preterm Infants: A Secondary Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study of the Transfusion of Prematures Randomized Clinical Trial (TOP NIRS).

Importance: Preterm infants with varying degrees of anemia have different tissue oxygen saturation responses to red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, and low cerebral saturation may be associated with adverse outcomes.

Objective: To determine whether RBC transfusion in preterm infants is associated with increases in cerebral and mesenteric tissue saturation (Csat and Msat, respectively) or decreases in cerebral and mesenteric fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE and mFTOE, respectively) and whether associations vary based on degree of anemia, and to investigate the association of Csat with death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 22 to 26 months corrected age.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a prospective observational secondary study conducted among a subset of infants between August 2015 and April 2017 in the Transfusion of Prematures (TOP) multicenter randomized clinical trial at 16 neonatal intensive care units of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.

Association of patent ductus arteriosus with extubation failure among preterm infants.

Background: Mechanical ventilation is associated with mortality/morbidities in preterm infants. Nearly a third of these infants fail extubation, and this may increase morbidities.

Objective: To evaluate the association of moderate to large symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with failure of extubation among preterm infants.

Ten years after ImageNet: a 360° perspective on artificial intelligence.

It is 10 years since neural networks made their spectacular comeback. Prompted by this anniversary, we take a holistic perspective on artificial intelligence (AI). Supervised learning for cognitive tasks is effectively solved-provided we have enough high-quality labelled data.

Maternal hypertensive disorders and survival without major morbidities among extremely low gestation newborns.

Objective: Evaluate if odds of survival without major morbidity are higher among extremely low gestation neonates (ELGANs) born to mothers with chronic hypertension (cHTN) or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) compared to ELGANs born to mothers without hypertension (HTN).

Study Design: Retrospective study of prospectively collected data from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Included children had a birthweight of 401-1000 g and/or gestational age of 22 to 28 wks.

Delirium as a Risk Factor for Mortality in Critically Ill Patients With Cancer.

Purpose: Although delirium is known to negatively affect critically ill patients, little data exist on delirium in critically ill patients with cancer.

Methods: We analyzed 915 critically ill patients with cancer between January and December 2018. Delirium screening was performed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit (ICU), performed twice daily.

Rapid Response Team Activations in Oncologic Ambulatory Sites: Characteristics, Interventions, and Outcomes.

Purpose: Patients with cancer are vulnerable to clinical deterioration. Rapid response teams (RRTs) identify and manage patients with acute changes in clinical status. Although RRTs have been well studied in the hospital setting, there are limited data on patients who require support in the ambulatory or outpatient oncologic settings.

Association of Antenatal Steroid Exposure at 21 to 22 Weeks of Gestation With Neonatal Survival and Survival Without Morbidities.

Importance: The provision of antenatal corticosteroids to pregnant patients at gestational age (GA) 22 6/7 weeks or less remains controversial and lacks support from randomized clinical trials.

Objective: To compare rates of survival and survival without major morbidities among infants born at GA 22 0/7 to 23 6/7 weeks after exposure to antenatal steroids at 22 6/7 weeks' gestation or less vs no exposure to antenatal steroids.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study enrolled infants born at GA 22 0/7 to 23 6/7 weeks between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019, at centers in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.

Evaluation and validation of a prediction model for extubation success in very preterm infants.

Objective: To perform an external validation of a publicly available model predicting extubation success in very preterm infants.

Study Design: Retrospective study of infants born <1250 g at a single center. Model performance evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and comparing observed and expected probabilities of extubation success, defined as survival ≥5 d without an endotracheal tube.

Platelet transfusions and thrombocytopenia in intensive care units: Protocol for an international inception cohort study (PLOT-ICU).

Introduction: Thrombocytopenia is frequent in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and has been associated with worse outcome. Platelet transfusions are often used in the management of ICU patients with severe thrombocytopenia. However, the reported frequencies of thrombocytopenia and platelet transfusion practices in the ICU vary considerably.

Age at First Extubation Attempt and Death or Respiratory Morbidities in Extremely Preterm Infants.

Objective: To describe the timing of first extubation in extremely preterm infants and explore the relationship between age at first extubation, extubation outcome, and death or respiratory morbidities.

Study Design: In this subanalysis of a multicenter observational study, infants with birth weights of 1250 g or less and intubated within 24 hours of birth were included. After describing the timing of first extubation, age at extubation was divided into early (within 7 days from birth) vs late (days of life 8-35), and extubation outcome was divided into success vs failure (reintubation within 7 days after extubation), to create 4 extubation groups: early success, early failure, late success, and late failure.