Case of renal cell carcinoma associated with synchronous contralateral renal pelvic cancer and bladder cancer.

Synchronous double primary RCC and TCC of the renal pelvis and bladder are extremely uncommon. Proper management is a medical dilemma, and no standard treatment strategy has been agreed upon for this rare situation. Our case involved a large mass in the right kidney and multiple masses in the left renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder.

Sites of residual spermatozoa after irrigation of the distal vas deferens using normal saline solution during vasectomy in a rat model.

We have previously reported that irrigation of the distal vas deferens using a normal saline solution (NSS) is successful in removing a large amount of spermatozoa from the tract. However, this technique does not completely remove all the motile spermatozoa from the ejaculate. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the location of the residual spermatozoa after distally irrigating the vas deferens.