Stem cell therapy approaches for non-malignant diseases & non-haematological diseases in India: A systematic review.

Background & objectives Our study aims to provide the diversity of stem cell use for non-malignant, non-haematological diseases in India through the lens of clinical trials. Methods A PRISMA approach was used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stem cell use for the period 2001-2021 in India. The outcomes were measured using each disease category, types of stem cells, the origin of stem cells, safety, and efficacy.

Acute right opercular stroke-associated polyopic heautoscopy and hallucinations caused by disconnection to the inferior parietal lobule through the superior longitudinal fasciculus III: A single case study.

Illusory neuropsychiatric symptoms such as hallucinations or the feeling of a presence (FOP) can occur in diffuse brain lesion or dysfunction, in psychiatric diseases as well as in healthy individuals. Their occurrence due to focal brain lesions is rare, most probably due to underreporting, which limits progress in understanding their underlying mechanisms and anatomical determinants. In this single case study, an 86-year-old patient experienced, in the context of an acute right central opercular ischemic stroke, visual hallucinatory symptoms (including palinopsia), differently lateralized auditory hallucinations and FOP.

Detection of bacterial contaminants via frequency manipulation of amino-groups functionalized FeOnanoparticles based resonant sensor.

Bacterial infections have a large impact on public health. Through this study, we report on the development of complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR) supplemented by functionalized nanoparticles to detect bacteria in the aqueous medium. Iron oxide (FeO) nanoparticles were functionalized with amino groups using (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) to form (APTES@FeO) nanoparticles, which have a specific affinity towards the bacterial species.

Predictors for Returning to Paid Work after Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Ischemic Stroke.

This study aims to determine which factors within the first week after a first-ever transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor ischemic stroke (MIS) are associated with stroke survivors’ ability to return to either partial or full time paid external work (RTpW). In this single-center prospective cohort study, we recruited 88 patients with first-ever TIA or MIS (NIHSS ≤ 5). Bivariate analyses were conducted between patients that did (RTpW) or did not return to paid work (noRTpW) within 7 days after stroke onset and at 3-months follow-up.

Sarcomeric gene mutations in phenotypic positive hypertrophic cardiomyopathic patients in Indian population.

HCM is a monogenic cardiac disorder with a high risk of sudden cardiac death, heterogeneous phenotypic expression and genetic profile. HCM is expressed as autosomal dominant in fashion with the prevalence of 1:500 in the general population. The main objective of the current study was to unravel the mutation status in sarcomeric genes in urbanizing Pune population.

Sorption of brilliant green dye using soybean straw-derived biochar: characterization, kinetics, thermodynamics and toxicity studies.

The present study was aimed to investigate brilliant green (BG) dye sorption onto soybean straw biochar (SSB) prepared at 800 °C and further understanding the sorption mechanism. Sorption kinetic models such as pseudo-first and pseudo-second order were executed for demonstrating sorption mechanism between the dye and biochar. Results of kinetics study were fitted well to pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R 0.

Impact of early vs. delayed initiation of dutasteride/tamsulosin combination therapy on the risk of acute urinary retention or BPH-related surgery in LUTS/BPH patients with moderate-to-severe symptoms at risk of disease progression.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of delayed start of combination therapy (CT) with dutasteride 0.5 mg and tamsulosin 0.4 mg on the risk of acute urinary retention or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)-related surgery (AUR/S) in patients with moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) at risk of disease progression.

Model-based meta-analysis of the time to first acute urinary retention or benign prostatic hyperplasia-related surgery in patients with moderate or severe symptoms.

Aims: Combination therapy of 5α-reductase inhibitor and α-blocker is a guideline-endorsed therapeutic approach for patients with moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms or benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) who are at risk of disease progression. We aimed to disentangle the contribution of clinical and demographic baseline characteristics affecting the risk of acute urinary retention or BPH-related surgery (AUR/S) from the effect of treatment with drugs showing symptomatic and disease-modifying properties.

Methods: A time-to-event model was developed using pooled data from patients (n = 10 238) enrolled into six clinical studies receiving placebo, tamsulosin, dutasteride or tamsulosin-dutasteride combination therapy.

Maxillary bone metastasis, as an early sign of breast cancer; an unusual & rare site of metastasis from the common cancer.

Oral cavity metastases are considered rare and represent approximately 1% of all oral malignancies. Due to their rarity and atypical clinical and radiographic appearance, metastatic lesions are considered a diagnostic challenge. In this article we present a rare, unusual & exceptional case of left maxillary mass which on further evaluation leading to diagnosis of left breast carcinoma with metastasis to isolated left maxillary bone.

Model-based meta-analysis of individual International Prostate Symptom Score trajectories in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia with moderate or severe symptoms.

Aims: International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is a marker of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) deterioration or improvement in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Whereas changes in IPSS relative to baseline have been used as endpoints in clinical trials, little attention has been given to the time course of symptoms. The current investigation aimed to develop a drug-disease model to describe individual IPSS trajectories in moderate and severe BPH patients.

Ampicillin-mediated functionalized gold nanoparticles against ampicillin-resistant bacteria: strategy, preparation and interaction studies.

Antibiotic resistance is a highly challenging concern of infectious diseases, and it requires a rational approach to overcome. Through this work, we have synthesized ampicillin-capped gold nanoparticles (Amp-Au NPs) and studied its interaction with bacterial cells. In this process of synthesis, the primary amine group of ampicillin acts as both reducing as well as capping agent.

Primary Vaginal Chloroma: A Rare Case Report.

Chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma or myeloid sarcoma) is a rare malignant extra-medullary neoplasm of myeloid precursor cells. It is usually associated with myeloproliferative disorders but very rarely may precede the onset of leukaemia. Here we are presenting a rare case of chloroma in a female patient without initial presentation of AML.

Multiple Subcutaneous Nodules Leading to Diagnosis of Colon Cancer.

Skin metastases from colorectal carcinoma are rare and signal advanced disease. Skin metastasis refers to growth of cancer cells in the skin originating from an internal cancer. In most cases, cutaneous metastasis develops after the initial diagnosis of the primary internal malignancy and late in the course of the disease.

Development of IFN-γ secretory ELISPOT based assay for screening of ADCC responses.

Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity has been established as one of the important protective immune mechanisms against HIV making it essential to evaluate it while testing immunogenicity of emerging vaccine candidates. IFN-γ secretory ELISPOT assay, widely used for evaluation of CTL response in HIV vaccine trials, was adapted for measuring ADCC responses and the results were compared with the standard ICS based assays. IFN-γ responses elicited by plasma samples of 23 HIV infected individuals against Env and Gag peptides using granulocytes as antigen presenting cells were assessed by both the methods.

Sustained enhancements in inhibitory control depend primarily on the reinforcement of fronto-basal anatomical connectivity.

What are the neurophysiological determinants of sustained supra-normal inhibitory control performance? We addressed this question by coupling multimodal neuroimaging and behavioral investigations of experts in fencing who underwent more than 20,000 h of inhibitory control training over 15 years. The superior control of the experts manifested behaviorally as a speeding-up of inhibition processes during a Go/NoGo task and was accompanied by changes in bilateral inferior frontal white matter microstructure. In the expert group, inhibition performance correlated positively with the fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter tracts projecting to the basal ganglia, and the total training load with the FA in supplementary motor areas.

Spatial radial maze procedures and setups to dissociate local and distal relational spatial frameworks in humans.

Background: Radial maze tasks have been used to assess optimal foraging and spatial abilities in rodents. The spatial performance was based on a capacity to rely on a configuration of local and distant cues. We adapted maze procedures assessing the relative weight of local cues and distant landmarks for arm choice in humans.

Differential patterns of functional and structural plasticity within and between inferior frontal gyri support training-induced improvements in inhibitory control proficiency.

Ample evidence indicates that inhibitory control (IC), a key executive component referring to the ability to suppress cognitive or motor processes, relies on a right-lateralized fronto-basal brain network. However, whether and how IC can be improved with training and the underlying neuroplastic mechanisms remains largely unresolved. We used functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging to measure the effects of 2 weeks of training with a Go/NoGo task specifically designed to improve frontal top-down IC mechanisms.

Early attentional processes distinguish selective from global motor inhibitory control: an electrical neuroimaging study.

The rapid stopping of specific parts of movements is frequently required in daily life. Yet, whether selective inhibitory control of movements is mediated by a specific neural pathway or by the combination between a global stopping of all ongoing motor activity followed by the re-initiation of task-relevant movements remains unclear. To address this question, we applied time-wise statistical analyses of the topography, global field power and electrical sources of the event-related potentials to the global vs selective inhibition stimuli presented during a Go/NoGo task.

Estimation of prostaglandin E2 levels in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health, disease and after treatment.

Background And Objectives: Initial research has shown a positive correlation between the severity of periodontal disease (PD) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). However, there are no enough reports to correlate the PGE2 concentrations in GCF in periodontal health, disease and after treatment. Hence, the present study is aimed to estimate the levels of PGE2 in GCF in periodontal health, disease and after periodontal therapy.

Training-induced behavioral and brain plasticity in inhibitory control.

Deficits in inhibitory control, the ability to suppress ongoing or planned motor or cognitive processes, contribute to many psychiatric and neurological disorders. The rehabilitation of inhibition-related disorders may therefore benefit from neuroplasticity-based training protocols aiming at normalizing inhibitory control proficiency and the underlying brain networks. Current literature on training-induced behavioral and brain plasticity in inhibitory control suggests that improvements may follow either from the development of automatic forms of inhibition or from the strengthening of top-down, controlled inhibition.

Spontaneous pre-stimulus fluctuations in the activity of right fronto-parietal areas influence inhibitory control performance.

Inhibitory control refers to the ability to suppress planned or ongoing cognitive or motor processes. Electrophysiological indices of inhibitory control failure have been found to manifest even before the presentation of the stimuli triggering the inhibition, suggesting that pre-stimulus brain-states modulate inhibition performance. However, previous electrophysiological investigations on the state-dependency of inhibitory control were based on averaged event-related potentials (ERPs), a method eliminating the variability in the ongoing brain activity not time-locked to the event of interest.