A comparative study of in-vitro and in-silico anti-candidal activity and GC-MS profiles of snow mountain garlic vs. normal garlic.

Aim: The study aimed to profile the volatile phytocomposition of snow mountain garlic (SMG) compared to normal garlic and investigate the anti-Candida efficacy against clinically relevant multi-drug resistant isolates of Candida species.

Methods And Results: Herein, SMG has shown significantly superior fungicidal power at 2x-MIC dose against C. albicans and C.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rhodiola imbricata and Withania somnifera root extract and their potential catalytic, antioxidant, cytotoxic and growth-promoting activities.

This study presents the development of a sustainable production process of environmentally benign silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from aqueous root extract of Rhodiola imbricata (RI) and Withania somnifera (WS) for mitigating environmental pollution and investigating their potential applications in agriculture and biomedical industry. RIWS-AgNPs were characterized using several analytical techniques (UV-Vis, DLS, HR-TEM, SAED, EDX and FTIR). The antioxidant and anticancer activity of RIWS-AgNPs were estimated by DPPH and MTT assay, respectively.

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Due to Wheat, Cabbage, and Spinach Consumption at Cold-Arid High Altitude Region.

Soil and water from the trans-Himalayan high-altitude region contain high concentrations of various heavy metals. Vegetables and cereals such as cabbage, spinach, and wheat are most prone to heavy metal accumulation from soil and water which can be toxic for human consumption. It has yet to be studied how consumption of vegetables and cereal with excess heavy metal content can affect human health in high altitude areas.

Effect of shading and high temperature amplitude in greenhouse on growth, photosynthesis, yield and phenolic contents of tomato ( Mill.).

Unlabelled: Low temperature is the major environmental factor that limits the optimal field production of tomato in the high altitude mountain regions. Studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of growing tomato, a temperature sensitive crop, in a naturally ventilated passive solar greenhouse with high temperature amplitude (24.7 ± 3.

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Through Cow Milk Consumption in Trans-Himalayan High-Altitude Region.

Consumption of heavy metals contaminated dairy milk may affect human health. No such studies have been carried out at the high-altitude region to assess the human health risk after consuming dairy milk. To this end, this study reveals the evaluation of selected heavy metals in dairy milk in the summer and winter seasons, followed by the assessment of heavy metals health risk.

Correction: One pot green preparation of silver nanoparticles (SBT@AgNPs) featuring high stability and longevity, antibacterial, antioxidant potential: a nano disinfectant future perspective.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C7RA10262C.].

ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 Negatively Regulates to Increase Survival during UV-B Stress.

Understanding how the distinct cell types of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) withstand ultraviolet radiation (UVR) stress can improve cultivation of plants in high-UVR environments. Here, we show that UV-B irradiation selectively kills epidermal and niche cells in the shoot apex. Plants harboring a mutation in () are tolerant to UV-B.

Class switching of carbonic anhydrase isoforms mediates remyelination in CA3 hippocampal neurons during chronic hypoxia.

Chronic exposure to hypoxia results in cerebral white matter hyperintensities, increased P300 latency, delayed response and impairment in working memory. Despite burgeoning evidence on role of myelination in nerve conduction, the effect of chronic hypoxia on myelination of hippocampal neurons has been less studied. The present study provides novel evidence on alterations in myelination of hippocampal CA3 neurons following chronic hypoxic exposure.

Morphometric, haematological and physio-biochemical characterization of Bactrian (Camelus bactrianus) camel at high altitude.

Background: Biochemical and haematological parameters have not been determined in Bactrian camels kept at high altitude. Therefore, this study was undertaken to characterise different physiological, haematological, biochemical, and morphometric parameters of Bactrian camels of high altitude. For this, total fourteen high altitude healthy Bactrian camels were selected from Leh-Ladakh, India, a high altitude area, and thereafter divided into three age groups (N = 3 young; N = 6 adult; N = 5 old camels) to characterise for above parameters.

Author Correction: Nutraceutical profile and evidence of alleviation of oxidative stress by Spirogyra porticalis (Muell.) Cleve inhabiting the high altitude Trans-Himalayan Region.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Methanolic root extract of Codonopsis clematidea prevents hypoxia induced procoagulant state by inhibition of GPIb receptor regulated Lyn kinase activation.

Background: The prevalence of procoagulant state under prolonged hypoxic exposures and the complications and lack of specificity associated with use of existing anti-thrombotic agents have necessitated the search for safer and natural therapeutics. Codonopsis, a widely studied medicinal herb, has been reported to decrease whole blood viscosity but the bioactive ingredients involved, and their mechanism of action therein however remain to be investigated.

Purpose: The present study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of C.

Hypoxia-mediated alteration in cholesterol oxidation and raft dynamics regulates BDNF signalling and neurodegeneration in hippocampus.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which is primarily associated with neuronal survivability, differentiation and synaptic plasticity has been reported to mediate neurodegeneration in hypoxia through its p75 Neurotrophin receptors (p75NTR). The molecular events promoting BDNF-mediated pro-death signalling in hypoxia, however, still remain an enigma. This study attempts towards deciphering the signalling cascades involved in alteration of BDNF isoforms and its cognate receptor subtypes leading to neurodegeneration in hypoxia.

Kaempferol Inhibits Extra-synaptic NMDAR-Mediated Downregulation of TRkβ in Rat Hippocampus During Hypoxia.

Cognitive dysfunction on chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia has been attributed to a myriad of survival and degenerative factors. Downregulation of Trkβ and compromised survival signaling has been ascribed as a major contributing factor for hypoxic neurodegeneration. The mechanisms leading to downregulation of Trkβ in hypoxia, however, remain to be elucidated.

Enhanced Production of Phenolic Compounds in Compact Callus Aggregate Suspension Cultures of Rhodiola imbricata Edgew.

Rhodiola imbricata is a rare medicinal plant of the trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh. It is used for the treatment of numerous health ailments. Compact callus aggregate (CCA) suspension cultures of Rhodiola imbricata were established to counter extinction threats and for production of therapeutically valuable phenolic compounds to meet their increasing industrial demands.

Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in acclimatized lowlanders staying at high altitude for different durations.

Hypoxic exposure at high-altitude (HA) modulates blood pressure (BP). High prevalence of hypertension among native highlanders (NH) has been reported. However, information on prevalence and determinants of hypertension in acclimatized young lowlanders (ALL) staying at HA for different durations is sparse.

Estrogen Receptor β Mediated Neuroprotective Efficacy of Cicer microphyllum Seed Extract in Global Hypoxia.

Hypoxia induced oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus has been implicated for memory impairment in conditions like stroke, ischemia and hypobaric hypoxia. The present study, aimed at investigating the potential of ethanolic extract of Cicer microphyllum seeds (CSE) for amelioration of global hypoxia induced neurodegeneration in CA1 region of hippocampus. CSE supplementation considerably reduced neurodegeneration and dendritic atrophy in CA1 neurons along with improvement of memory in hypoxic rats.

Effect of seabuckthorn seed oil in reducing cardiovascular risk factors: A longitudinal controlled trial on hypertensive subjects.

Background & Aims: The present study aimed at investigating whether dietary supplementation of seabuckthorn seed oil which is rich in omega fatty acids at an oral dose of 0.75 ml could affect cardiovascular risk factors and reduce hypertension and systolic blood pressure.

Methods: Toxicological evaluation and efficacy of seabuckthorn seed oil in reducing high fat diet induced dyslipidemia was initially conducted on adult male Sprague Dawley rats.

Chemical composition and biological activities of trans-Himalayan alga Spirogyra porticalis (Muell.) Cleve.

The freshwater alga Spirogyra porticalis (Muell.) Cleve, a filamentous charophyte, collected from the Indian trans-Himalayan cold desert, was identified on the basis of morpho-anatomical characters. Extracts of this alga were made using solvents of varying polarity viz.

Antioxidant capacities, phenolic profile and cytotoxic effects of saxicolous lichens from trans-Himalayan cold desert of Ladakh.

Fourteen saxicolous lichens from trans-Himalayan Ladakh region were identified by morpho-anatomical and chemical characteristics. The n-hexane, methanol and water extracts of the lichens were evaluated for their antioxidant capacities. The lichen extracts showing high antioxidant capacities and rich phenolic content were further investigated to determine their cytotoxic activity on human HepG2 and RKO carcinoma cell lines.

Nutritional profile of phytococktail from trans-Himalayan plants.

We estimated the nutritive value, vitamin content, amino acid composition, fatty acid content, and mineral profile of a phytococktail comprising sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), and roseroot (Rhodiola imbricata) from trans-Himalaya. The free vitamin forms in the phytococktail were determined by rapid resolution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-MS/MS). Vitamin E and B-complex vitamins were detected as the principle vitamins.

Chemical composition and antioxidant capacities of phytococktail extracts from trans-Himalayan cold desert.

Background: Himalayan plants are widely used in traditional system of medicine both as prophylactics and therapeutics for high altitude maladies. Our aim was to evaluate the antioxidant capacities and bioactive compounds of methanol and n-hexane extracts of the phytococktail comprising of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), apricot (Prunus armeniaca) and roseroot (Rhodiola imbricata) from trans-Himalaya.

Methods: The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging capacities and lipid peroxidation inhibition (LPI) property of the extracts were determined.

Sequential determination of fat- and water-soluble vitamins in Rhodiola imbricata root from trans-Himalaya with rapid resolution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

A rapid method was developed to determine both types of vitamins in Rhodiola imbricata root for the accurate quantification of free vitamin forms. Rapid resolution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-MS/MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode was optimized for the sequential analysis of nine water-soluble vitamins (B1, B2, two B3 vitamins, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12) and six fat-soluble vitamins (A, E, D2, D3, K1, and K2). Both types of vitamins were separated by ion-suppression reversed-phase liquid chromatography with gradient elution within 30 min and detected in positive ion mode.