Nanotechnology synergized immunoengineering for cancer.

Novel strategies modulating the immune system yielded enhanced anticancer responses and improved cancer survival. Nevertheless, the success rate of immunotherapy in cancer treatment has been below expectation(s) due to unpredictable efficacy and off-target effects from systemic dosing of immunotherapeutic(s). As a result, there is an unmet clinical need for improving conventional immunotherapy.

Validation of an indigenous assay for rapid molecular detection of rifampicin resistance in presumptive multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Background & Objectives: There is a need for an affordable, easy, high-sensitivity test usable at the peripheral health facility for diagnosis of drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis (TB) to interrupt disease transmission. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for early detection of DR-TB are ideal to bring testing near to the patient. Truenat MTB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and Truenat MTB-RIF (rifampicin) is an indigenous chip-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based test for detection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB.

Post-injury immunosuppression and secondary infections are caused by an AIM2 inflammasome-driven signaling cascade.

Loss of lymphocytes, particularly T cell apoptosis, is a central pathological event after severe tissue injury that is associated with increased susceptibility for life-threatening infections. The precise immunological mechanisms leading to T cell death after acute injury are largely unknown. Here, we identified a monocyte-T cell interaction driving bystander cell death of T cells in ischemic stroke and burn injury.

Mechanisms of Effector-Mediated Immunity Revealed by the Accidental Human Pathogen .

Many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens employ translocated virulence factors, termed effector proteins, to facilitate their parasitism of host cells and evade host anti-microbial defenses. However, eukaryotes have evolved to detect effector-mediated virulence strategies through a phenomenon termed effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Although ETI was discovered in plants, a growing body of literature demonstrates that metazoans also utilize effector-mediated immunity to detect and clear bacterial pathogens.

Synthesis and characterization of an injectable microparticles integrated hydrogel composite biomaterial: In-vivo biocompatibility and inflammatory arthritis treatment.

Polymeric hydrogels and microparticles have been widely used for localized drug delivery applications for the treatment of arthritis. Nonetheless, owing to initial burst drug release, non-specific biodistribution and low retention time at the target site in body, these polymeric drug delivery systems have been found with low in-vivo performance. Hence, the above limitations need to be resolved by designing a smart novel drug delivery system which is the current need in biomedicine.

Histochemical Techniques in Plant Science: More Than Meets the Eye.

Histochemistry is an essential analytical tool interfacing extensively with plant science. The literature is indeed constellated with examples showing its use to decipher specific physiological and developmental processes, as well as to study plant cell structures. Plant cell structures are translucent unless they are stained.

Regulation of ascorbate-glutathione cycle by exogenous nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in soybean roots under arsenate stress.

The role of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) is well known for regulating plant abiotic stress responses. However, underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the involvement of NO and HO signalling in the regulation of arsenate toxicity (As) in soybean roots employing a pharmacological approach.

A qualitative exploration of the patient experience of erosive and non-erosive hand osteoarthritis.

Background: Many patients with hand osteoarthritis (HOA) experience reduced health-related quality of life. This study sought to better understand the disease and treatment experience of individuals with HOA, explore any differences in experiences between erosive and non-erosive HOA sub-types, and evaluate content validity of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) in HOA.

Methods: Thirty subjects from the United States (n = 15 erosive HOA; n = 15 non-erosive HOA) participated in semi-structured interviews: concept elicitation explored symptoms/impacts important to patients; cognitive interviews assessed understanding and relevance of the MHQ.

Nanostructured graphitic carbon nitride based ultrasensing electrochemical biosensor for food toxin detection.

We report results of the studies related to the fabrication of thionine functionalized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets based ultrasensing platform for food toxin (Aflatoxin B1, AfB) detection. The synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-CN) was carried out by polycondensation of melamine followed by chemical exfoliation. Further, thionine was used for the functionalization of g-CN (Thn/g-CN) and deposited electrophoretically onto the indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass electrode.

Strategic Doping Approach of the Fe-BiOI Microstructure: An Improved Photodegradation Efficiency of Tetracycline.

The present study describes the strategic doping of Fe metal ions into a BiOI microstructure using and processes to synthesize a Fe-BiOI microstructure and their effect on photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC). The data suggested that Fe-BiOI (Fe-BiOI-In) has superior performance compared to Fe-BiOI (Fe-BiOI-Ex) due to the uniform dispersion of Fe within the Fe-BiOI material. Calculated bandgaps ∼1.

Electrochemical and Computational Insights on the Application of Expired Metformin Drug as a Novel Inhibitor for the Sweet Corrosion of C1018 Steel.

An expired metformin drug (MET) was used as a corrosion inhibitor for C1018 carbon steel in a CO-saturated 3.5 wt % NaCl + 340 ppm acetic acid solution under static conditions. The inhibitor was evaluated using electrochemical methods complemented with surface analytical measurements and computational modeling.

Evaluation of Efficacy of Oral Ketamine and Midazolam Combination Drug in Different Doses in Different Groups Used for Moderate Sedation in Pediatric Dentistry Randomized-comparative Trial.

Background: Dental phobia and apprehension in children lead to difficulty with behavior management. During dental procedure if a child had a bad experience, he will develop greater apprehension, which makes further treatment difficult.

Aim And Objective: The aim and objective of the present study is to assess and compare the sedation and wake-up behavior status of oral combinations of three different doses of ketamine and midazolam drugs in three different groups mixed in 1 mL of honey.

Multicentric validation of indigenous molecular test Truenat™ MTB for detection of in sputum samples from presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in comparison with reference standards.

Background & Objectives: : Early case detection is essential to interrupt transmission and to prevent further spread of tuberculosis (TB) in high endemic settings. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) with visual read-outs are ideal as point-of-care tests. Truenat™ MTB is an indigenous chip-based NAAT for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which involves extraction of DNA and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using portable, automated, battery-operated instruments.

Structural modifications of plant organs and tissues by metals and metalloids in the environment: A review.

At the dawn of the industrial revolution, the exorbitant use of heavy metals and toxic elements by mankind unfurls a powerful and complex web of hazard all around the world that significantly contributed to unprecedented trends in environmental degradation. Plants as sessile organisms, that cannot escape from the stress directly, have adapted to this environment via concurrent configurations of several traits. Among them the anatomy has been identified as much more advanced field of research that brought the explosion of interest among the expertise and its prodigious importance in stress physiology is unavoidable.

Adrenocortical Carcinoma in a 6-Month-Old Infant.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor arising from the adrenal cortex and it is even rarer in infancy. These tumors are usually hormonally active. We report a case of ACC in a 6-month-old infant who was brought by her mother with complaints of hirsutism and abnormally looking genitalia.

Identification of QTLs/Defense Genes Effective at Seedling Stage Against Prevailing Races of Wheat Stripe Rust in India.

Resistance in modern wheat cultivars for stripe rust is not long lasting due to the narrow genetic base and periodical evolution of new pathogenic races. Though nearly 83 genes conferring resistance to stripe rust have been cataloged so far, few of them have been mapped and utilized in breeding programs. Characterization of wheat germplasm for novel sources of resistance and their incorporation into elite cultivars is required to achieve durable resistance and thus to minimize the yield losses.

Clinical Characteristics and Predictors of Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 Infection Outside Intensive Care.

Background/introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected all aspects of inpatient hospital medicine with patients admitted from level 1 (general medical wards) to level 3 (intensive care). Often, there are subtle physiological differences in these cohorts of patients. In particular, in intensive care, patients tend to be younger and have increased disease severity.

De Novo Renal Failure and Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Objectives: To describe the characteristics and outcomes associated with concomitant renal and respiratory failure in patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019.

Design, Setting, And Patients: This is a case series of patients from a U.S.

Effect of Chemical Disinfection on Surface Detail Reproduction and Dimensional Stability of a New Vinyl Polyether Silicone Elastomeric Impression Material.

Background: Surface detail reproduction (SDR) and dimensional stability of elastomeric impression material play a crucial role in fixed prosthodontics.

Aim And Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of chemical disinfection on SDR and dimensional stability of polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) and polyether (PE) with a new vinyl polyether silicone (VPES) elastomeric impression material.

Materials And Methods: A stainless steel mold was made to fabricate the study specimens for nonaqueous PVS, PE, and VPES elastic dental impression materials.

Breathing exercises and pranayamas to decrease perceived exertion during breath-holding while locked-down due to COVID-19 online randomized study.

to compare anulom vilom pranayama (AVP), kapal bhati pranayama (KBP), diaphragmatic breathing exercises (DBE), and pursed-lip breathing (PLB) for breath holding time (BHT) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Methods- Participants were assessed for BHT and RPE, before training on any one intervention using online platforms, for one week during lockdown from COVID-19.15 participants in each group total N = 60 at- (α - 0.

Carbon Nanotube Sheet-Synthesis and Applications.

Decades of extensive research have matured the development of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Still, the properties of macroscale assemblages, such as sheets of carbon nanotubes, are not good enough to satisfy many applications. This paper gives an overview of different approaches to synthesize CNTs and then focuses on the floating catalyst method to form CNT sheets.