Dihydroindeno[1,2-b]pyrroles: new Al selective off-on chemosensors for bio-imaging in living HepG2 cells.

In this study, a new molecular organic probe has been designed and synthesized by using recyclable, inexpensive and non-toxic polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as a promoting reaction medium in water under environmentally benevolent conditions. The probe has been explored as a potential chemosensor to detect Al3+ ions using a HEPES buffer (pH = 7.4) solution.

Apomorphine subcutaneous infusion in patients with Parkinson's disease with persistent motor fluctuations (TOLEDO): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Subcutaneous apomorphine infusion is a clinically established therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations not optimally controlled by oral medication. Open-label studies have shown that apomorphine infusion is effective in reducing off time (periods when antiparkinsonian drugs have no effect), dyskinesias, and levodopa dose, but confirmatory evidence from double-blind, controlled studies is lacking. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of apomorphine infusion compared with placebo in patients with Parkinson's disease with persistent motor fluctuations despite optimised oral or transdermal treatment.

Assessment and Management of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are highly prevalent in Parkinson's disease and associated with decreased quality of life and adverse health outcomes. In this review, the assessment and management of common neuropsychiatric symptoms are discussed: depression, anxiety, psychosis, cognitive impairment, dementia and apathy. Validated assessment scales are now available for the majority of symptoms.

Noninvasive options for 'wearing-off' in Parkinson's disease: a clinical consensus from a panel of UK Parkinson's disease specialists.

In the past 4 years, two adjunctive treatment options to levodopa have been licensed for use in the UK in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and motor fluctuations: opicapone, a third-generation catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitor, and safinamide, a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor. This clinical consensus outlines the practical considerations relating to motor fluctuations and managing wearing-off in patients with PD, and provides a clinical insight to adjunctive treatment options, including opicapone and safinamide. Practice-based opinion was provided from a multidisciplinary steering Group of eight UK-based movement disorder and PD specialists, including neurologists, geriatricians and a nurse specialist, from England, Scotland and Wales.

A noninterventional study evaluating the effectiveness of rotigotine and levodopa combination therapy in younger versus older patients with Parkinson's disease.

Background: PD0013 was a 6-month noninterventional study in clinical practice comparing effectiveness/tolerability of rotigotine+levodopa in younger (<70 years) vs. older (≥70 years) Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

Methods: Patients previously received levodopa for ≥6 months as monotherapy/in combination with another dopamine-agonist (DA).

A detailed clinical study of pain in 1957 participants with early/moderate Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: The causes of pain in early/moderate Parkinson's disease (PD) are not well understood. Although peripheral factors such as rigidity, reduced joint movements and poor posture may contribute towards the development of pain, central mechanisms including altered nociceptive processing may also be involved.

Methods: We performed a large clinical study to investigate potential factors contributing towards pain in early/moderate PD.

Exploring Bedroom Usability and Accessibility in Parkinson's Disease (PD): The Utility of a PD Home Safety Questionnaire and Implications for Adaptations.

Background: Although bedrooms are identified as a major location for accidents among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, there are no studies that specifically evaluate the bedroom environments of PD patients.

Objective: To examine the physical bedroom environment of patients with PD by generating a home safety questionnaire to rate bedroom accessibility and usability specifically for PD patients, and piloting it in a small set of PD patients, to identify environmental barriers and recommend adaptations to reduce accident risks.

Methods: Questionnaire development was based on the concept of Personal (P)-Environmental (E) fit.

Changes in Parkinson's disease sleep symptoms and daytime somnolence after bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) markedly improves motor function in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but its effect on sleep is less clear.

Patients And Methods: Forty PD patients who had subthalamic DBS (STN-DBS) were identified from an on-going non-motor naturalistic longitudinal study (NILS). All patients were followed up for at least 6 months, 26 patients had a 1 year follow-up.

Serotonergic dysregulation is linked to sleep problems in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Sleep disturbances are common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Experimental studies suggest involvement of the serotonergic system in the regulation of sleep and arousal. Using [C]DASB positron emission tomography, a marker of serotonin transporter availability, we investigated whether sleep dysfunction is associated with serotonergic dysfunction in PD.

First comprehensive tool for screening pain in Parkinson's disease: the King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Questionnaire.

Background And Purpose: Pain is highly prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD), impacting patients' ability, mood and quality of life. Detecting the presence of pain in its multiple modalities is necessary for adequate personalized management of PD. A 14-item, PD-specific, patient-based questionnaire (the King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Questionnaire, KPPQ) was designed corresponding to the rater-based KPP Scale (KPPS).

Characterization of a fluorescent hydrogel synthesized using chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol and 9-anthraldehyde for the selective detection and discrimination of trace Fe and Fe in water for live-cell imaging.

A three-dimensional fluorescent hydrogel based on chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol and 9-anthraldehyde (ChPA) has been successfully designed and synthesized for the selective detection and discrimination of Fe and Fe in aqueous environment. The unique characteristics of ChPA has been confirmed by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), rheological measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), fluorescence studies, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The emission intensity at 516 nm of the hydrogel has been enhanced remarkably with the addition of Fe due to the inhibition of the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process.

Non-motor Parkinson disease: new concepts and personalised management.

Most patients with Parkinson disease (PD) have non-motor symptoms (NMS), and on average these can range from four to 19 different symptoms. NMS dominate the prodromal phase of PD and some may serve as clinical biomarkers of PD. NMS can be dopaminergic, non-dopaminergic, of genetic origin or drug induced.

Salivary levels of TNF-α in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A cross-sectional study.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a disorder characterized by recurring ulcers involving the oral mucosa in patients with no other signs of disease. The current concept of etiopathogenesis is that RAS is a clinical syndrome with several possible etiologies. The process seen in RAS is probably initiated through an as yet unidentified antigenic stimulation of the mucosal keratinocytes, which stimulates secretion of T-cell activation cytokines ‒ interleukins and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).

Pain in Parkinson's disease: facts and uncertainties.

Pain is one of the most common and troublesome non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). It can appear at any time during the disease and is often present before diagnosis. However, there is little or no consensus on its definition.

A hydrazone based probe for selective sensing of Al(iii) and Al(iii)-probe complex mediated secondary sensing of PPi: framing of molecular logic circuit and memory device and computational studies.

A hydrazone-based conjugate Nap-hyz-pyz (HL3) with potential NO donor atoms was found to act as a dual channel (colori- and fluori-metric) sensor towards Al and PPi in HO-MeOH (6 : 4, v/v) at pH 7.2 (40 mM HEPES buffer) at 25 °C. The formation constants, K = (3.

I catalyzed access of spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyridine] appended amine dyad: new ON-OFF chemosensors for Cu and imaging in living cells.

An easy access to an amine-appended spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyridine] ON-OFF chemosensor by a one-pot four-component reaction using commercially available and an environmentally benign catalytic amount of molecular I (10 mol%) in aqueous ethanol at ambient temperature is described. The generated system could be utilized for the selective detection of Cu as it demonstrated a colorimetric naked eye change along with an ON-OFF fluorescence response towards Cu at physiological pH. The sensors exhibited high selectivity for Cu over other common cations with detection limit in the range of 10 (M).

Non motor symptoms in progressive supranuclear palsy: prevalence and severity.

NMSs have been extensively studied in PD patients but not in other forms of parkinsonism such as Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). The primary objective of this study was to analyze the frequency, severity and the type of non-motor symptoms (NMS) in PSP patients using the non-motor symptoms scale (NMSS). The secondary objective was to differentiate NMS between PSP and Parkinson's disease (PD).

The Parkinson's Disease Composite Scale: results of the first validation study.

Background And Purpose: The aim was to validate the Parkinson's Disease Composite Scale (PDCS).

Methods: The study included 194 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in five countries. Investigators completed the following scales: PDCS, the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale Version 2, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Scale for Evaluation of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Parkinson's Disease and the Clinical Impression of Severity Index for PD (CISI-PD).

Erratum: Author Correction: Using a smartphone-based self-management platform to support medication adherence and clinical consultation in Parkinson's disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s41531-016-0003-z.].

Advanced Parkinson's or "complex phase" Parkinson's disease? Re-evaluation is needed.

Holistic management of Parkinson's disease, now recognised as a combined motor and nonmotor disorder, remains a key unmet need. Such management needs relatively accurate definition of the various stages of Parkinson's from early untreated to late palliative as each stage calls for personalised therapies. Management also needs to have a robust knowledge of the progression pattern and clinical heterogeneity of the presentation of Parkinson's which may manifest in a motor dominant or nonmotor dominant manner.

Management of Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease: Emphasizing Clinical Subtypes and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Condition.

Investigation into neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) is sparse and current drug development is mainly focused on the motor aspect of PD. The tight association of psychosis with an impaired quality of life in PD, together with an important underreporting of this comorbid condition, contributes to its actual insufficient assessment and management. Furthermore, the withdrawal from access to readily available treatment interventions is unacceptable and has an impact on PD prognosis.

Constipation is not associated with dopamine transporter pathology in early drug-naïve patients with Parkinson's disease.

Background And Purpose: Constipation is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Deposition of α-synuclein inclusions that spread from the gut to the substantia nigra through the vagus nerve has recently been speculated to be a pre-motor and early stage of PD. The aim of the study was to investigate whether constipation is associated with dopaminergic pathology on dopamine transporter (DAT) single-photon emission computed tomography in early drug-naïve patients with PD.

Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in advanced Parkinson's: Final results of the GLORIA registry.

Introduction: This registry evaluated the 24-month safety and efficacy of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) treatment in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients under routine clinical care.

Methods: Motor fluctuations, dyskinesia, non-motor symptoms, quality of life, and safety were evaluated. Observations were fully prospective for treatment-naïve patients (60% of patients) and partially retrospective for patients with ≤12 months of pre-treatment with LCIG (40% of patients).

Identification of over expressed proteins in oral submucous fibrosis by proteomic analysis.

Early detection and identification of oral pre-malignancy or malignancy help in management of the disease and improve survival rates. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a major threat to public health worldwide and especially in Southeast Asian countries. Identification of biomarkers is a necessary step toward early diagnosis and treatment.