Effect of Kinases in Extracellular Vesicles from HIV-1-Infected Cells on Bystander Cells.

As of 2023, there were 39.9 million people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1). Although great strides have been made in treatment options for HIV-1, and our understanding of the HIV-1 life cycle has vastly improved since the start of this global health crisis, a functional cure remains elusive.

Cough-hypersensitivity Syndrome-A New Paradigm in the Evaluation of Chronic Refractory Cough and Its Novel Therapeutic Horizons-A Review.

Chronic cough is defined as a persistent cough, lasting beyond 8 weeks, poses a global health challenge, impacting a substantial portion of the world's population. In the United States, it stands as a prominent cause for numerous visits to primary care and pulmonology clinics, imposing a significant healthcare burden and utilizing valuable resources. While chronic cough can be indicative of serious underlying lung conditions, once serious pulmonary diseases are excluded, the leading culprits are often identified as gastroesophageal reflux, upper airway cough syndrome, and eosinophilic airway inflammation.

Advancement in the Treatment of Recurrent Pericarditis: Exploring Innovative Therapeutic Options.

Acute pericarditis, the predominant pericardial disease, often lacks a clear etiology, with 15-30% of patients experiencing recurrence, rising to 20-50% in those with prior relapses. Autoimmune mechanisms significantly contribute to recurrence, with interleukin-1 identified as a pivotal inflammatory mediator. While NSAIDs, colchicine, and steroids remain staples for acute cases, the spotlight in recurrent pericarditis management has shifted toward immunosuppressive medications.

TNIK: A redox sensor in endothelial cell permeability.

Dysregulation of endothelial barrier integrity can lead to vascular leak and potentially fatal oedema. TNF-α controls endothelial permeability during inflammation and requires the actin organizing Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin (ERM) proteins. We identified TRAF2 and NCK-interacting kinase (TNIK) as a kinase directly phosphorylating and activating ERM, specifically at the plasma membrane of primary human endothelial cells.

Evidence Versus Frenzy in Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review Comparing News Media Claims to Randomized Controlled Trial Evidence.

Background: Robotic total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) has garnered increasing attention in recent years, both clinically and in the media. The purpose of this study was to compare the volume of and messaging in published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) versus media reports on the topic of rTKA.

Methods: This was a systematic review of RCTs and media articles on rTKA.

Diabetes does not increase in-hospital or short-term mortality in patients undergoing surgical repair for type A aortic dissection: insight from the national readmission database.

Background: Previous studies have reported a protective effect of type 2 diabetes on the incidence and progression of aortic aneurysms. We investigated whether this protective effect extends to aortic dissections.

Methods: Data from the US Nationwide Readmission Database (2016-2019) were analyzed.

The Evolution of Renal Denervation for the Treatment of Hypertension: Insights from Trials and Prospects for Clinical Practice.

Hypertension affects 1.3 billion adults globally, with severe health implications if left untreated. Despite efforts, research suggests only a fraction achieve adequate control.

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) in a case of traumatic chondronecrosis of the cricoid cartilage.

Cricoid chondronecrosis is a rare entity and is scarcely reported in the literature. Its prevalence is increasing in the form of chondroradionecrosis among the survivorship of head and neck carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy. We have reported a case of cricoid chondronecroisis caused by trauma from repeated tracheostomy.

Transcranial alternating current stimulation for neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic review of treatment parameters and outcomes.

Background: Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) alters cortical excitability with low-intensity alternating current and thereby modulates aberrant brain oscillations. Despite the recent increase in studies investigating the feasibility and efficacy of tACS in treating neuropsychiatric disorders, its mechanisms, as well as optimal stimulation parameters, are not fully understood.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to compile human research on tACS for neuropsychiatric disorders to delineate typical treatment parameters for these conditions and evaluate its outcomes.

A Blinded Comparison of Three Generative Artificial Intelligence Chatbots for Orthopaedic Surgery Therapeutic Questions.

Objective To compare the quality of responses from three chatbots (ChatGPT, Bing Chat, and AskOE) across various orthopaedic surgery therapeutic treatment questions. Design We identified a series of treatment-related questions across a range of subspecialties in orthopaedic surgery. Questions were "identically" entered into one of three chatbots (ChatGPT, Bing Chat, and AskOE) and reviewed using a standardized rubric.

Clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes of robotic assisted versus conventional total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aims to compare important clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes between robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty (RATHA) and conventional total hip arthroplasty (COTHA) in patients with hip osteoarthritis. We identified published RCTs comparing RATHA with COTHA in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently performed study screening, risk of bias assessment and data extraction.

Association between immigration status and total knee arthroplasty outcomes in Ontario, Canada: a population-based matched cohort study.

Background: Immigrants and refugees face unique challenges navigating the health care system to manage severe arthritis, because of unfamiliarity, lack of awareness of surgical options, or access. The purpose of this study was to assess total knee arthroplasty (TKA) uptake, surgical outcomes, and hospital utilization among immigrants and refugees compared with Canadian-born patients.

Methods: We included all adults undergoing primary TKA from January 2011 to December 2020 in Ontario.

Association Between Periprosthetic Joint Infection and Mortality Following Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a dreaded and unpredictable complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA). In addition to causing substantial morbidity, PJI may contribute to long-term mortality risk. Our objective was to determine the long-term mortality risk associated with PJI following THA.

Knowledge, Awareness and Practice of Artificial Intelligence and Types of Realities Among Healthcare Professionals: A Nationwide Survey From Pakistan.

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, enabling them to perform tasks. The advancements in AI have also improved virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) experience allowing a greater opportunity for use in the field of medicine. Objective To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of AI and types of realities among Pakistani healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Alarming rate of liver cirrhosis after the small conduit extracardiac Fontan: A comparative analysis with the lateral tunnel.

Background: The association between the prevalence of cirrhosis and the types of Fontan operations remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 332 patients who underwent the Fontan procedure at our institution. Four patients who underwent the atriopulmonary connection Fontan were excluded from the analysis.

Pop-Out Myocardial Infarction Induction in Mice.

Myocardial infarction (MI) in mice is a widely used surgical model in preclinical cardiac repair studies to recapitulate human cardiovascular ischemic disease. Induction of reproducible infarct size is crucial for quantitative and analytical purpose. Here we describe a quick and reliable method to induce consistent infarct size in mice in less than a minute.

Impact of Gender on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Complications: Analysis of 27 Million Hospitalizations.

Background And Aims: Previous studies have reported gender differences in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). These studies have also reported differences based on gender in the rates of complications. In this study, we aim to identify gender disparities in the rates of GERD complications in the United States.

Impact of aspirin use on rates of metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer: insights from the National Inpatient Sample.

Despite advancing treatment methods, esophageal cancer (EC) maintains a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Through various mechanisms, aspirin has been suggested to have a chemopreventive effect on EC. However, the long-term impact, particularly regarding the rate of metastasis, needs to be further elucidated.