Nonhuman primate antigenic cartography of SARS-CoV-2.

Virus neutralization profiles against primary infection sera and corresponding antigenic cartography are integral part of the COVID-19 and influenza vaccine strain selection processes. Human single variant exposure sera have previously defined the antigenic relationships among SARS-CoV-2 variants but are now largely unavailable due to widespread population immunity. Therefore, antigenic characterization of future SARS-CoV-2 variants will require an animal model, analogous to using ferrets for influenza virus.

Porcine peritoneal macrophages are susceptible to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection.

Previous studies have suggested that porcine peritoneal macrophages (PPMs) are resistant to PRRSV infection, whereas porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) are highly susceptible. This contrast is intriguing, as both cell types belong to the same monocyte/macrophage family. The current study aimed to investigate the host factors contributing to the differing susceptibility of PPMs and PAMs to PRRSV infection.

Glomerular Filtration of Creatinine: Validation of a Novel Index of Muscle Mass Among Older Adults.

Rationale & Objective: Low muscle mass is common among older adults and associated with poor prognosis. Quantifying muscle mass is challenging in routine clinical practice. We hypothesized that glomerular filtration of creatinine (GF) reflects muscle mass, and previously proposed estimated GF (eGF), as a practical index of muscle mass in older adults.

Phase I Trial of MCARH109, a G Protein-Coupled Receptor Class C Group 5 Member D (GPRC5D)-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Multiple Myeloma: An Updated Analysis.

MCARH109 is a first-in-class G protein-coupled receptor, class C, group 5, member D (GPRC5D)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. This phase I clinical trial included 17 patients and determined that MCARH109 is safe at a maximum tolerated dose of 150 × 10 CAR T cells. In this updated analysis, no new serious adverse events were reported at a median follow-up of 37 months.

Estimation of the threshold for heat stress and genetic features for milk yield in Mehsana buffaloes in India.

Heat stress is one of the primary environmental factors that harm both the productivity and health of buffaloes. The current study was conducted to estimate the threshold of temperature humidity index (THI) and genetic features for milk yield of first-lactation Mehsana buffaloes using an univariate repeatability test-day model. The data included 130,475 first lactation test-day milk yield (FLTDMY) records of 13,887 Mehsana buffaloes and the daily temperature and humidity.

A novel selective NLRP3 inhibitor shows disease-modifying potential in animal models of Parkinson's disease.

Pathological activation of the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling underlies many autoimmune and neuroinflammatory conditions. Here we report that, a rationally designed, novel, orally active, selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, Usnoflast (ZYIL1), showed potent inhibition of ATP, Nigericin and monosodium urate-mediated interleukin (IL)-1β release in THP-1 cells and human PBMC. In isolated microglia cells, the IC of ZYIL1 mediated inhibition of IL-1β was 43 nM.

Unravelling the impact of heat stress on daughter pregnancy rate in Mehsana buffalo through innovative breeding interventions.

Heat stress profoundly affects the reproductive success of buffaloes, which are vital for the dairy industry due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics, necessitating careful evaluation under such conditions. Hence, this guided our search for quantifying heat stress' impact on Mehsana buffaloes using the best THI model and evaluating sires' performance. Fertility records (days open converted to daughter pregnancy rate) were collected in the span of over 24 years, w.

A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials for implications of acute treatment effects on glomerular filtration rate for long-term kidney protection.

Pharmacologic interventions to slow chronic kidney disease progression, such as ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, or sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, often produce acute treatment effects on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that differ from their long-term chronic treatment effects. Observational studies assessing the implications of acute effects cannot distinguish acute effects from GFR changes unrelated to the treatment. Here, we performed meta-regression analysis of multiple trials to isolate acute effects to determine their long-term implications.

Postoperative Casting of Below-Knee Amputation Reduces StumpComplications.

Background: Against the technological advances in limb salvage, below-the-knee amputation (BKA) remains a common procedure. Although most elective BKA is classified as clean operation, the reported stump complication rate is much higher than predicted. Postoperative casting (PC) may reduce the number of these complications.

A sodium ion conducting gel polymer electrolyte with counterbalance between 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and tetra ethylene glycol dimethyl ether for electrochemical applications.

For sodium batteries, the development of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) with remarkable electrochemical properties is in its early stage and persists to be a challenge. In this report we have synthesized a series of GPEs containing a poly(vinyllidene fluoride--hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as blend polymer, sodium perchlorate (NaClO) as ion-conducting salt and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM-BF) and tetra ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) as molecular solvents. The counter balance between EMIM-BF and TEGDME is maintained by the electrolyte, which is formed through the optimal weight ratio of 2 : 1.

African swine fever virus early protein pI73R suppresses the type-I IFN promoter activities.

African swine fever virus is known to suppress type-I interferon (IFN) responses. The main objective of this study was to screen early-expressed viral genes for their ability to suppress IFN production. Out of 16 early genes examined, I73R exhibited robust suppression of cGAS-STING-induced IFN-β promoter activities, impeding the function of both IRF3 and NF-κB transcription factors.

Assessment of Immune Responses to a Trivalent Pichinde Virus-Vectored Vaccine Expressing Hemagglutinin Genes from Three Co-Circulating Influenza A Virus Subtypes in Pigs.

Pichinde virus (PICV) can infect several animal species and has been developed as a safe and effective vaccine vector. Our previous study showed that pigs vaccinated with a recombinant PICV-vectored vaccine expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of an H3N2 influenza A virus of swine (IAV-S) developed virus-neutralizing antibodies and were protected against infection by the homologous H3N2 strain. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a trivalent PICV-vectored vaccine expressing HA antigens from the three co-circulating IAV-S subtypes: H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2.

Methamphetamine spasm in the large caliber arteries-the severity is likely underestimated.

This report describes two cases of rarely reported, severe large arterial vascular spasms seen on computed tomography images after methamphetamine abuse. Although the effects of methamphetamine on the central nervous system and smaller arteries are relatively well known, its effects on large caliber arteries are rarely discussed. We present two cases of severe large arterial multisegmented vasospasm, captured on contrast-enhanced computed tomography, several hours after methamphetamine abuse.

A Single-Dose Intramuscular Immunization of Pigs with Lipid Nanoparticle DNA Vaccines Based on the Hemagglutinin Antigen Confers Complete Protection against Challenge Infection with the Homologous Influenza Virus Strain.

The Influenza A virus of swine (IAV-S) is highly prevalent and causes significant economic losses to swine producers. Due to the highly variable and rapidly evolving nature of the virus, it is critical to develop a safe and versatile vaccine platform that allows for frequent updates of the vaccine immunogens to cope with the emergence of new viral strains. The main objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as nanocarriers for delivering DNA plasmid encoding the viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene in pigs.

Hematological and other Laboratory Parameter Changes in COVID-19 Patients.

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic in March 2020. The disease showed a wide range of severity ranging from being asymptomatic to causing high mortality. Various laboratory parameters were investigated, which could be used as biomarkers to determine the severity of the disease.

A meta-analysis of GFR slope as a surrogate endpoint for kidney failure.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline is causally associated with kidney failure and is a candidate surrogate endpoint for clinical trials of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Analyses across a diverse spectrum of interventions and populations is required for acceptance of GFR decline as an endpoint. In an analysis of individual participant data, for each of 66 studies (total of 186,312 participants), we estimated treatment effects on the total GFR slope, computed from baseline to 3 years, and chronic slope, starting at 3 months after randomization, and on the clinical endpoint (doubling of serum creatinine, GFR < 15 ml min per 1.

Chronic Atypical Neutrophilic Dermatosis With Lipodystrophy and Elevated Temperature Syndrome: A Systemic Review.

Background: Chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature syndrome is a rare, hereditary, autoinflammatory disease. However, there are few cases reported in the literature. Therefore, we conduct this systematic review to summarize current evidence.

An Unusual Presentation of Juvenile Polymyositis in an Adolescent Girl.

Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (JIIMs) are a group of diverse, systemic autoimmune diseases that manifest in childhood and are characterized by weakness and chronic inflammation of skeletal muscles. One of the relatively rare variants of JIIMs is juvenile polymyositis (JPM). JPM patients present with proximal and distal muscle weakness, gait instability with falls, muscle pain and tenderness, and high levels of creatine kinase (CK) during adolescence.

Social Determinants of Health and Their Impact on the Black Race Coefficient in Serum Creatinine-Based Estimation of GFR: Secondary Analysis of MDRD and CRIC Studies.

Background: The cause for differences in serum creatinine between Black and non-Black individuals incorporated into prior GFR-estimating equations is not understood. We explored whether social determinants of health can account for this difference.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of baseline data of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort studies ( N =1628 and 1423, respectively).