Thermodynamic effect of RNA virus infection on the human cardiovascular system.

In this work, analysis of cardiovascular system under the influence of RNA virus infection has been performed from a thermodynamic perspective. An exergetic efficiency of the system has been defined for this purpose. Results show that except for asymptomatic case, the exergetic efficiency reduces as the viral load goes up.

A Brief on Biological Thermodynamics for Human Physiology.

Thermodynamics, the science of energy interactions, governs the direction of processes found in nature. While the subject finds wide applications in science and technology, its connection to biological sciences and in particular to bio-engineering is becoming increasingly important. In this work, after a brief introduction to the fundamental concepts in thermodynamics, we focus on its application in human physiology.

Performance analysis of human respiratory system based on the second law of thermodynamics.

The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive thermodynamic model of the human respiratory system and quantify the effects of inspiratory air temperature, relative humidity (RH), lung capacity and O fluctuation in metabolic reaction on the human respiratory system under three different physiological conditions, i.e. rest, moderate level of physical activity and extreme level of physical activity.

Transdermal co-delivery of glucosamine sulfate and diacerein for the induction of chondroprotection in experimental osteoarthritis.

The aim of this work was to develop a transdermal delivery system consisting of a glucosamine sulfate-laden xanthan hydrogel containing a nanoemulsion-loaded diacerein. The system was intended to prevent cartilage degradation typical of osteoarthritis. The nanoemulsion, made of soybean oil as the oil phase; soybean lecithin, Tween 80, and poloxamer 407 as surfactants; and propylene glycol as cosurfactant, was formed within the hydrogel.

Three dimensional numerical analysis of hemodynamic of stenosed artery considering realistic outlet boundary conditions.

Background And Objective: Mortality rate increases globally among which one third is due to diseased blood vessels. Due to late diagnoses of the disease in vessels (severe stenoses), qualitative and rapid assessment becomes difficult. Earlier assessment of stenoses can lead to formulation of effective treatment protocol.

Entropy generation in the human lung due to effect of psychrometric condition and friction in the respiratory tract.

Background And Objective: Entropy generation is associated with the irreversibility of any thermodynamic system. It provides an indication of lost energy and hence the efficiency of a system. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the effects of specific humidity, relative humidity, ambient temperature change, breathing air friction with the respiratory tract on the entropy generation during the respiration process at different physiological conditions.

Assessment of Influences of Stenoses in Right Carotid Artery on Left Carotid Artery Using Wall Stress Marker.

. Atherosclerosis is a diseased condition of blood vessel. It causes partial blockage in lumen of vessel and affects hemodynamic of localized flowing blood.

Accentuated transdermal application of glucosamine sulphate attenuates experimental osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate.

Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease causing pain and disability. Glucosamine sulphate is a well known oral supplement for its treatment. The present pioneering study provides an overview of the accentuated transdermal delivery of glucosamine sulphate through the optimized gel formulation with guar gum and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC).

Numerical investigations of pulsatile flow in stenosed artery.

Purpose: Abnormalities in blood vessels by virtue of complex blood flow dynamics is being supported by non-Newtonian behavior of blood. Thus it becomes a focus of research to most of the researchers. Additionally, consideration of real life patient specific model of vessel as well as patient specific inlet flow boundary condition implementation was limited in literature.

Novel Starch-PVA Polymer for Microparticle Preparation and Optimization Using Factorial Design Study.

The aim of our present work was to optimize the ratio of a very novel polymer, starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), for controlled delivery of Ornidazole. Polymer-coated drug microparticles were prepared by emulsion method. Microscopic study, scanning electron microscopic study, and atomic force microscopic study revealed that the microparticles were within 10 micrometers of size with smooth spherical shape.

Spontaneous release of leucocyte migration-inhibitory factor by mononuclear cells eluted from rheumatoid synovial tissue.

Spontaneous leucocyte migration-inhibitory factor (LIF) was assayed by an indirect system in which mononuclear cells (MNC) eluted from rheumatoid synovial tissues or isolated from peripheral blood of normal donors were cultured without antigen. The supernatants from these cultures and control supernatants, heated to 80 degrees C for 30 min to destroy the LIF activity, were used in the test. In seven out of eleven rheumatoid arthritis patients the eluted synovial MNC produced LIF spontaneously, whereas none of the twelve normal blood donors showed any such production.

Excessive suppressor T-cell activity of the rheumatoid synovial tissue in X-linked hypogammaglobulinaemia.

Patient K.L. with X-linked hypogammaglobulinaemia showed excessive suppressor T-cell activity both in the lymphocytes from the rheumatoid synovial tissue and in the peripheral blood lymphocyte compartment.

Demonstration of anti-rubella antibody-secreting cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

In the present study we describe a plaque-forming cell assay using erythrocytes coated with viral antigen, which detected anti-viral antibody-secreting cells against various viral antigens. These anti-viral antibody-secreting cell were studied in normal individuals with known viral infections and in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rubella anti-viral antibody-secreting cells were present after induction in the peripheral blood of eight out of ten patients.

Hyporesponsiveness to virus antigens in rheumatoid synovial and blood lymphocytes using the indirect leucocyte migration inhibition test.

Mononuclear cells (MNC) from rheumatoid synovial tissue and peripheral blood were tested plasma pneumonia by the indirect leucocyte migration inhibition test. MNC from the eleven rheumatoid synovial tissues tested had deficient leucocyte inhibitory factor production against all antigens tested for, and this was also the case in the peripheral blood of seven juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients (JRA). In the peripheral blood of eight rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients there was also generally low reactivity.

Rheumatoid synovial lymphocytes lack concanavalin-A-activated suppressor cell activity.

Synovial lymphocytes eluted by enzyme treatment from eleven patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were investigated for the presence of concanavalin A (Con A)-activated suppressor cell activity as compared with that of peripheral blood lymphocytes of twenty normal donors. In addition, two patients with psoriatic arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were also investigated. Synovial lymphocytes from the eleven RA patients showed a mean augmentation of 28 +/- 13.

Lack of suppressor cell activity in rheumatoid synovial lymphocytes.

Lymphocytes were eluted from the synovial tissue of seventeen patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and one with ankylosing spondylitis. In eight of these patients immunoglobulin production by synovial lymphocytes in the presence and absence of pokeweed mitogen was studied. In nine patients T lymphocytes were isolated from the eluted cells, and the T helper and suppressor cell functions were evaluated in an allogeneic co-culture system.