SERIAL CHANGES IN METABOLIC ACID-BASE STATUS IN THREE SPECIES OF ANESTHETIZED CAPTIVE LARGE FELID.

Determination of acid-base status contributes important information about patient health, including for patients under anesthesia. There is a paucity of information about the determinants of acid-base status of large felids managed under anesthesia, and advancement of such knowledge may contribute to patient safety. This study serially monitored the individual metabolic acid-base status of 11 large felids, including lions (), tigers (), and cheetahs (), under general anesthesia.

Surgical repair of a meningoencephalocoele in a kākāpō ().

Case History: A kākāpō () chick hatched on an off-shore island of New Zealand with a small white mass protruding through the cranial skin of the head. The chick's growth followed a normal pattern for kākāpō but at 3 weeks of age the cranium mass was non-reducible and fixed in place and the chick was removed from the island for diagnostic imaging and hand-rearing.

Clinical Findings And Treatment: A computed tomography (CT) examination revealed a full-thickness circular defect in the central cranium with suspected herniation of brain and dura.

Estimating greenhouse gas emissions from direct land use change due to crop production in multiple countries.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from direct land use change (LUC) in GHG footprint studies of crops are often estimated using national land use change statistics, as in many cases the exact location of crop cultivation and land use history is unknown. As such, these studies neglect spatial variability in land use change (amount and configuration) at the sub-national level as well as spatial variability in natural carbon stocks. For this reason, a spatial approach that enables consistent implementation of LUC emissions of crop production at different locations is developed and applied in this study.

The frequency of weigh-ins, weight intentionality and management, and eating among male collegiate athletes.

Sociocultural pressures in male athletics emphasize masculinity in the form of muscularity, leanness, and physical strength. Although research has examined extensively weight, weigh-ins, and weight pressures among female athletes, these issues have been minimally considered with male athletes. Thus, our purpose was to examine the weight environment and practices of NCAA (i.

USP10 Targeted Self-Deliverable siRNA to Prevent Scarring in the Cornea.

Ocular scarring after surgery, trauma, or infection leads to vision loss. The transparent cornea is an excellent model system to test anti-scarring therapies. Cholesterol-conjugated fully modified asymmetric small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) (self-deliverable siRNAs [sdRNAs]) are a novel modality for in vivo gene knockdown, transfecting cells and tissues without any additional formulations.

MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASE AND SUBSEQUENT DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATIONS IN A GROUP OF CAPTIVE PINNIPEDS IN NEW ZEALAND.

This case series includes a single case of disseminated tuberculous disease due to in a New Zealand fur seal (), which was being cared for by a zoo in New Zealand. The remaining five pinnipeds in the colony underwent extensive mycobacterial disease surveillance over the following 4 yr, involving a total of 26 anesthetic procedures and numerous diagnostic tests that included comparative intradermal tuberculin skin tests, mycobacterial antibody serology, respiratory and gastric lavages, and computed tomography (CT) scans. An additional case of chronic sinusitis due to and was identified in a California sea lion ().

Predicting MRI Gradient-Field Induced Voltage Levels on Implanted Deep Brain Stimulation Systems Using Neural Networks.

Introduction: MRI gradient-fields may induce extrinsic voltage between electrodes and conductive neurostimulator enclosure of implanted deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems, and may cause unintended stimulation and/or malfunction. Electromagnetic (EM) simulations using detailed anatomical human models, therapy implant trajectories, and gradient coil models can be used to calculate clinically relevant induced voltage levels. Incorporating additional anatomical human models into the EM simulation library can help to achieve more clinically relevant and accurate induced voltage levels, however, adding new anatomical human models and developing implant trajectories is time-consuming, expensive and not always feasible.

Intensive remote monitoring versus conventional care in type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: While frequent contact with diabetes care providers may improve glycemic control among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), in-person visits are labor-intensive and costly. This study was conducted to assess the impact of an intensive remote therapy (IRT) intervention for pediatric patients with T1D.

Methods: Pediatric patients with T1D were randomized to IRT or conventional care (CC) for 6 months.

Bulimic Symptomatology Among Male Collegiate Athletes: A Test of an Etiological Model.

We tested Petrie and Greenleaf's psychosocial model in relation to male athletes' bulimic symptomatology. Through structural equation modeling, we cross-sectionally examined the direct and indirect effects of general and sport-specific appearance pressures, internalization, body satisfaction, drive for muscularity, negative affect, and dietary restraint on bulimic symptomatology. Participants were U.

UROLITHIASIS IN A GROUP OF VISAYAN WARTY PIGS (SUS CEBIFRONS NEGRINUS).

Four cases of obstructive urolithiasis occurred in male Visayan warty pigs (Sus cebifrons negrinus) during a 12-mo period. One animal died, two were euthanized, and one was treated successfully with a tube cystotomy procedure and a subsequent urinary acidification diet. Uroliths from two cases of urethral obstruction were analyzed and confirmed as calcium carbonate.

Concentrations of calcium and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (vitamin D) in plasma of wild kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus) living on two islands in New Zealand.

AIMS This preliminary study had the objectives of describing the concentrations of ionised calcium and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) in the blood of wild kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus) living on two islands in New Zealand, and to determine the effects of supplementary feeding on these blood parameters. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 33 kākāpō living on two offshore islands during routine health checks in 2015. Birds on Hauturu were sampled in May (n=5) and birds on Whenua Hou were sampled in July (n=15) and November (n=26).

Really mixed practice - a career in conservation medicine.

James Chatterton is veterinary services manager at Auckland Zoo. Part of his role involves providing veterinary care for the kakapo, one of the most endangered birds in New Zealand. He regularly provides onsite help on two protected islands off the South Island of New Zealand as part of his role as veterinary coordinator to the Kakapo Recovery Group.

The prevalence and genotypic analysis of Toxoplasma gondii from individuals in Scotland, 2006-2012.

Background: Contemporary information relating to the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in humans is lacking for the UK population, with even less information available about the human prevalence of the parasite in Scotland. To address this, two different study groups were used to determine the prevalence and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii in the Scottish population.

Methods: The first study group included serum samples from blood donors (n = 3273) over a four-year period (2006-2009) and the second study group comprised of DNA samples extracted from human brains (n = 151) over a five-year period (2008-2012).

Dermatomycosis caused by Paranannizziopsis australasiensis in five tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) and a coastal bearded dragon (Pogona barbata) in a zoological collection in New Zealand.

Case History: Health monitoring of tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) at Auckland Zoo between 2001 and 2009 showed that 58/93 tuatara had been affected by dermatitis of unknown origin. From 2011 onwards, cases of suspected fungal dermatitis underwent extensive diagnostic investigations.

Clincal Findings: Six cases of dermatomycosis were attributed to Paranannizziopsis australasiensis, five in tuatara and one in a coastal bearded dragon (Pogona barbata).

SUCCESSFUL SURGICAL TREATMENT OF OBSTRUCTIVE LIVER DISEASE CAUSED BY A BILIARY CALCULUS IN A CAPTIVE CHIMPANZEE (PAN TROGLODYTES).

A 40-yr-old female chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) presented with intermittent, short-duration episodes of nonspecific clinical signs that included lethargy and reduced responsiveness to external stimuli. Clinical examination and diagnostics suggested obstructive hepatic disease, which was confirmed by subsequent ultrasonographic examination. During routine laparotomy, a biliary calculus was removed from the distal common bile duct and the gallbladder was removed, which resulted in complete clinical recovery.

The critical role of membralin in postnatal motor neuron survival and disease.

Hitherto, membralin has been a protein of unknown function. Here, we show that membralin mutant mice manifest a severe and early-onset motor neuron disease in an autosomal recessive manner, dying by postnatal day 5-6. Selective death of lower motor neurons, including those innervating the limbs, intercostal muscles, and diaphragm, is predominantly responsible for this fatal phenotype.

Renal trematode infection due to Paratanaisia bragai in zoo housed Columbiformes and a red bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea rubra).

Trematode infections affect a diverse range of avian species and the organs that are parasitised are also very varied. The family Eucotylidae contains seven genera of renal flukes that parasitise various birds. In birds, mild to severe lesions have been reported for species of the genus Paratanaisia, which was originally described from columbiform and galliform specimens collected in South America and has been identified in a number of wild avian species.

Prevalence of disordered eating and pathogenic weight control behaviors among male collegiate athletes.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of disordered eating and pathogenic weight control behaviors in male collegiate athletes. Male collegiate athletes (N = 732) from the across the U.S.

Management of severe respiratory tract disease caused by human respiratory syncytial virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are susceptible to many viral and bacterial pathogens of human origin. This case series reports an acute outbreak of respiratory disease due to human respiratory syncytial virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in a single group of 30 captive chimpanzees. Both pathogens are potentially zoonotic.

Exon-level expression profiling of ocular tissues.

The normal gene expression profiles of the tissues in the eye are a valuable resource for considering genes likely to be involved with disease processes. We profiled gene expression in ten ocular tissues from human donor eyes using Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST arrays.

Lipid infusion in the management of poisoning: a report of 6 canine cases.

Intravenous administration of lipid is a relatively new treatment in the management of toxicity from lipophilic compounds. It is used in human medicine in the treatment of toxicity from lipophilic local anaesthetics and cardiotoxic drugs and can result in dramatic improvement in clinical status. We present six cases of poisoning in dogs successfully treated with lipid infusion after ingestion of ivermectin (3), moxidectin (2) and baclofen (1).

Changes in Toxoplasma diagnosis.

The serological laboratory workload in detecting toxoplasma infection may be expected to change with changes in the clinical profile of patient populations. We have examined the clinical information and laboratory results for patients referred to the Scottish Toxoplasma Reference Laboratory in April-March 1999-2000 and 2009-2010. Numbers of patient sera submitted for testing were similar (1624 and 1552) but there was a change in the clinical profile, with a significant fall in patients with symptoms of current infection (612 versus 335; P<0.

Interpretation criteria in Western blot diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis.

This study reviews the Lyme borreliosis Western blot interpretation process, including what bands are classed as specific, the number of bands needed for a positive result, the role of band intensity and the use of clinical information. In 2008, 3688 patients (4223 serum samples) were tested by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), with 832 patients tested by confirmatory in-house IgG Western blot: 272 patients were Western blot-positive, 170 were weak positive, 156 were equivocal and 234 were negative. These results were assessed, and a review of interpretation criteria from both the USA and Europe was carried out.

The United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service for parasitology: toxoplasma serology scheme.

Aim: To examine performance in the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme (UKNEQAS) for toxoplasma serology for evidence of discrepant results as compared with the predistribution and postdistribution results supplied by the toxoplasma reference laboratories.

Methods: Analysis of performance in the toxoplasma IgG and IgM schemes was made for the period 1994-2008 to look for trends in performance.

Results: For the IgG scheme, a mean of 98% of participants obtained the correct result for detection of toxoplasma-specific antibody.

Pineocytoma in a lowland anoa (Bubalus depressicornis).

This report describes the first case of a pineocytoma in an 18-year-old female lowland anoa (Bubalus depressicornis). The tumour grossly appeared as a focal, non-infiltrative, yellow-tan, encapsulated mass occupying the normal anatomical location of the pineal gland. Microscopical, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical findings were consistent with a diagnosis of pineocytoma an entity not previously described in this member of the buffalo subgenus species.