gcType: a high-quality type strain genome database for microbial phylogenetic and functional research.

Taxonomic and functional research of microorganisms has increasingly relied upon genome-based data and methods. As the depository of the Global Catalogue of Microorganisms (GCM) 10K prokaryotic type strain sequencing project, Global Catalogue of Type Strain (gcType) has published 1049 type strain genomes sequenced by the GCM 10K project which are preserved in global culture collections with a valid published status. Additionally, the information provided through gcType includes >12 000 publicly available type strain genome sequences from GenBank incorporated using quality control criteria and standard data annotation pipelines to form a high-quality reference database.

Complete Genome Sequence of sp. Strain KCTC 42546, Isolated from a Reservoir in South Korea.

This study reports on the complete genome sequence of sp. strain KCTC 42546, isolated from fresh water in a reservoir in South Korea. The genome contained genes for various glycosyl hydrolases, which are associated with degrading sugars and DNA-repairing enzymes.

Effect of Prebiotics-Enhanced Probiotics on the Growth of .

predominantly creates an acidic environment in an oral cavity. This results in dental demineralization and carious lesions. The probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that modulate the bacterial balance in the digestive system.

Sulfitobacter aestuarii sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea.

A novel bacterial strain, designated hydD52, was isolated from a sample of tidal flat sediment of the Yellow Sea in the Republic of Korea. The cells were motile, rod-shaped and Gram-stain-negative. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain hydD52 was a member of the genus Sulfitobacter and most closely related to Sulfitobacter dubius DSM 16472 (98.

The inhibition of Caco-2 proliferation by astaxanthin from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous.

Purpose: To investigate the efficiency of natural astaxanthin that has been extracted from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous in inhibiting the proliferation and viability of colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2; colon cancer cells).

Methodology: Caco-2 cells and normal human oralkeratinocytes (NOKs) were treated with different concentrations of extracted astaxanthin, ranging from 0.075 to 10 mg ml, for 24, 48 and 72 h.

Flavobacterium tistrianum sp. nov., a gliding bacterium isolated from soil.

A novel gliding bacterial strain, GB 56.1T, was obtained from soil at the Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, in Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand; the strain was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, yellow, rod shaped and devoid of flagella, but showed gliding motility.

Insights into the structure and assembly of the Bacillus subtilis clamp-loader complex and its interaction with the replicative helicase.

The clamp-loader complex plays a crucial role in DNA replication by loading the β-clamp onto primed DNA to be used by the replicative polymerase. Relatively little is known about the stoichiometry, structure and assembly pathway of this complex, and how it interacts with the replicative helicase, in Gram-positive organisms. Analysis of full and partial complexes by mass spectrometry revealed that a hetero-pentameric τ3-δ-δ' Bacillus subtilis clamp-loader assembles via multiple pathways, which differ from those exhibited by the Gram-negative model Escherichia coli.

The virulence factor PEB4 (Cj0596) and the periplasmic protein Cj1289 are two structurally related SurA-like chaperones in the human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni.

The PEB4 protein is an antigenic virulence factor implicated in host cell adhesion, invasion, and colonization in the food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. peb4 mutants have defects in outer membrane protein assembly and PEB4 is thought to act as a periplasmic chaperone. The crystallographic structure of PEB4 at 2.

Aureispira maritima sp. nov., isolated from marine barnacle debris.

A novel gliding marine bacterium (strain 59SA(T)) was isolated from marine barnacle debris. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate formed a distinct lineage within the genus Aureispira in the family 'Saprospiraceae'. The DNA G+C content of strain 59SA(T) was 38.

Aureispira marina gen. nov., sp. nov., a gliding, arachidonic acid-containing bacterium isolated from the southern coastline of Thailand.

Three strains of gliding bacteria, 24(T), 62 and 71, isolated from a marine sponge and algae from the southern coastline of Thailand, were studied using a polyphasic approach to clarify their taxonomic positions. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the three isolates formed a distinct lineage within the family 'Saprospiraceae' of the phylum Bacteroidetes and were related to members of the genus Saprospira. The G+C contents of the isolates were in the range 38-39 mol%.