Epidemiology and renal injury following 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) poisoning.

2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) is a widely used chlorophenoxy herbicide. MCPA poisoning causes mitochondrial dysfunction, which can lead to kidney injury and death. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology, case fatality and extent of renal injury in a large cohort of MCPA self-poisonings.

Albuminuria and other renal damage biomarkers detect acute kidney injury soon after acute ingestion of oxalic acid and potassium permanganate.

Background: Deliberate self-poisoning with a combination washing powder containing oxalic acid (HCO) and potassium permanganate (KMnO) is a significant medical problem in the Southern Province of Sri Lanka. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent consequence. Biomarkers for early diagnosis of nephrotoxicity could guide appropriate supportive therapies.

Mechanism-specific injury biomarkers predict nephrotoxicity early following glyphosate surfactant herbicide (GPSH) poisoning.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common following glyphosate surfactant herbicide (GPSH) self-poisoning. Serum creatinine (sCr) is the most widely used renal biomarker for diagnosis of AKI although a recent study in rats suggested that urinary kidney injury molecule-1 predicted AKI earlier and better after GPSH-induced nephrotoxicity. We explored the utility of a panel of biomarkers to diagnose GPSH-induced nephrotoxicity in humans.

Kidney damage biomarkers detect acute kidney injury but only functional markers predict mortality after paraquat ingestion.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common following paraquat ingestion. The diagnostic performance of injury biomarkers was investigated in serial blood and urine samples from patients from 5 Sri Lankan hospitals. Functional AKI was diagnosed using serum creatinine (sCr) or serum cystatin C (sCysC).

Mechanisms underlying early rapid increases in creatinine in paraquat poisoning.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after severe paraquat poisoning and usually heralds a fatal outcome. The rapid large increases in serum creatinine (Cr) exceed that which can be explained by creatinine kinetics based on loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Methods And Findings: This prospective multi-centre study compared the kinetics of two surrogate markers of GFR, serum creatinine and serum cystatin C (CysC), following paraquat poisoning to understand and assess renal functional loss after paraquat poisoning.

Acute intentional self-poisoning with a herbicide product containing fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron, and isoxadifen ethyl: a prospective observational study.

Background: Herbicides are commonly ingested for self-harm, but relatively little has been published on poisoning with herbicides other than paraquat and glyphosate. We report here a case series of patients with acute exposure to a combination herbicide (brand name Tiller Gold or Whip Super) containing the selective phenoxy herbicide compounds fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and ethoxysulfuron and a safener isoxadifen ethyl.

Method: Clinical data on all patients presenting with Tiller Gold or Whip Super poisoning to two General Hospitals in Sri Lanka from 2002-2008 were collected prospectively until discharge.

Acute human self-poisoning with imidacloprid compound: a neonicotinoid insecticide.

Background: Deliberate self-poisoning with older pesticides such as organophosphorus compounds are commonly fatal and a serious public health problem in the developing world. The clinical consequences of self-poisoning with newer pesticides are not well described. Such information may help to improve clinical management and inform pesticide regulators of their relative toxicity.