[Home and leisure injuries among fifth-grade schoolchildren in 2004-2005].

A survey was conducted among a representative national sample of fifth-grade schoolchildren between September 2004 and June 2005. 97% of all injuries reported by 6,836 schoolchildren interviewed in Metropolitan France were home and leisure injuries (HLI). Quarterly incidence was established at 9.

A new concept of drug delivery for acne.

Adapalene is a stable naphthoic acid derivative that displays a strong retinoid agonist pharmacology. This drug controls cell proliferation and differentiation, and possesses significant anti-inflammatory action. The retinoid action of adapalene are mediated by the ligand-activated gene transcription factors retinoic acid receptors RAR beta and RAR gamma.

Skin distribution and pharmaceutical aspects of adapalene gel.

Background: The formulation of topical dermatologic products must take into account efficacy, safety, and patient compliance.

Objective: We describe how an aqueous gel containing adapalene, a novel naphthoic acid derivative was selected for the topical treatment of acne.

Methods And Results: Dose selection was made using established in vivo models.

Site-specific drug delivery to pilosebaceous structures using polymeric microspheres.

In order to improve the therapeutic index of adapalene, a new drug under development for the treatment of acne, site-specific delivery to the hair follicles using 50:50 poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres as particulate carriers was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The percutaneous penetration pathway of the microspheres was shown to be dependent on their mean diameter. Thus, after topical application onto hairless rat or human skin, adapalene-loaded microspheres (5-microns diameter) were specifically targeted to the follicular ducts and did not penetrate via the stratum corneum.

The rhino mouse model: the effects of topically applied all-trans retinoic acid and CD271 on the fine structure of the epidermis and utricle wall of pseudocomedones.

The histological and ultrastructural effects following 3 weeks' topical treatment with two agents (all-trans retinoic acid and a new synthetic retinoid-like substance, CD271) were evaluated on the epidermis and the epithelial wall of the pseudocomedones in rhino mouse skin. The comedolytic effects of these drugs were similar, and consisted of a reduction of the utricular diameter, with normalization of follicular units. Morphological examinations revealed a hyperplastic response with an increase in the number of cell layers of both epidermis and follicular epithelium, and modifications in keratinocyte differentiation.

Quantification of epidermal histological changes induced by topical retinoids and CD271 in the rhino mouse model using a standardized image analysis technique.

The rhino mouse has been used as an experimental model to screen topically active comedolytic agents. Adult rhino mice were treated on the back once daily for 5 consecutive days per week during 3 weeks. Skin histological preparations were analyzed by image analysis techniques to quantify the number of epidermal comedones, comedo profile and epidermal thickness.

Hexadecane-induced skin hyperplasia in the hairless rat: time course of histological and biochemical events related to the synthesis of polyamines and DNA.

Several biochemical parameters including ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC) and tissue polyamine levels were measured during the hexadecane-induced epidermal hyperplasia of hairless rat skin. Animals received three applications of 200 microliters pure n-hexadecane on day 1. ODC activity and polyamine levels (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) in the epidermis were significantly increased and reached maximum elevations at 12 h after the start of n-hexadecane treatment with DNA synthesis peaking at 24 h.