Characteristic Evaluation of Gel Formulation Containing Niosomes of Melatonin or Its Derivative and Mucoadhesive Properties Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy.

Chitosan or polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used in combination with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and poloxamer 407 (P407) as gelling agents for oral drug delivery. The performance interaction with mucin of chitosan-composed gel (F1) and PVP-composed gel (F2) was compared using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy at controlled temperatures of 25 and 37 °C for 1 and 5 min. F1 containing niosome-entrapped melatonin or its derivatives was investigated for mucoadhesive interaction on mucosa by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy under the same conditions.

Transmucosal delivery of melatonin-encapsulated niosomes in a mucoadhesive gel.

Aim: A transmucosal niosome gel was developed to improve the pharmacokinetics of exogenous melatonin.

Materials & Methods: The melatonin niosomes (MN) gel was characterized and melatonin levels were determined in healthy volunteers.

Results: Micron-sized MN in a gel, mean ex vivo residence time of more than 3 h with maximum adhesiveness at 25 and 37°C showed similar in vitro release but different in vitro permeation to melatonin gel.

Topical Niosome Gel Containing an Anthocyanin Complex: a Potential Oral Wound Healing in Rats.

Anthocyanins from dietary sources showing potential benefits as anti-inflammatory in oral lesions were developed as an anthocyanin complex (AC), comprised of extracts of Zea mays (CC) and Clitoria ternatea (CT), and formulated into a niosome gel to prove its topical oral wound healing in vitro and in vivo investigations. The AC formed nano-sized clusters of crystalline-like aggregates, occurring through both intra- and inter-molecular interactions, resulting in delivery depots of anthocyanins, following encapsulation in niosomes and incorporation into a mucoadhesive gel. In vitro permeation of anthocyanins was improved by complexation and further enhanced by encapsulation in niosomes.