Transmission event of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant reveals multiple vaccine breakthrough infections.

Background: This study aims to identify the causative strain of SARS-CoV-2 in a cluster of vaccine breakthroughs. Vaccine breakthrough by a highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 strain is a risk to global public health.

Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected vaccine breakthrough cases were tested for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) for Wuhan-Hu1 and alpha variant.

Transmission event of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant reveals multiple vaccine breakthrough infections.

Importance: Vaccine breakthrough by an emergent SARS-CoV-2 variant poses a great risk to global public health.

Objective: To determine the SARS-CoV-2 variant responsible for 6 cases of vaccine breakthrough.

Design: Nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected vaccine breakthrough cases were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by qPCR for Wuhan-Hu1 and Alpha variant.

Etiological causes and epidemiological characteristics of patients with occupational corneal foreign bodies: A prospective study in a hospital-based setting in India.

Purpose: Corneal foreign bodies (CFBs) due to occupational exposure have been largely ignored in Indian literature, especially nonmetal workers. Our study looks at a broad range of occupations and settings that contribute to CFB in our local Indian population.

The Study Objective Was To: determine the occupations, level of education and demographics of patients presenting with CFB acquired during occupational work.

Management of phenytoin-induced gingival enlargement in a patient with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: A rare case report.

Antiphospholipid antibody (APLA) syndrome is a noninflammatory autoimmune disease, with innumerable clinical manifestations ranging from recurrent thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity to valvular lesions, transverse myelitis, thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic anemia. APLAs in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are well-known risk factors for cerebrovascular accidents. Stroke is the most common manifestation of APS in the central nervous system.

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Inconsistencies in Vancomycin Susceptibility Testing Methods, Limitations and Advantages of each Method.

Background: Vancomycin may be ineffective against an increasing proportion of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) well within the susceptible range. On the other hand it is common knowledge that determination of vancomycin MICs is method dependent. Therefore, given the apparent variability in vancomycin MIC results obtained with the different methods, the use of the vancomycin MIC to predict the outcome of serious S.

A Rare Case of Apical Root Resorption during Orthodontic Treatment of Patient with Multiple Aplasia.

External apical root resorption is an adverse effect of orthodontic treatment. It reduces the length of root and breaks the integrity of teeth and dental arch. Orthodontics is the only dental specialty that clinically uses the inflammatory process to correct the mal-aligned teeth.

Antibiotic overuse as a risk factor for candidemia in an Indian pediatric ICU.

Objective: To identify risk factors and mycological characteristics of candidemia in Pediatric ICU of a tertiary-care hospital.

Methods: Patients were screened for candidemia by blood culture. Recovered isolates were speciated and subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing.

Genotype MTBDR plus assay for molecular detection of rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Aim: This study was performed for the rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and its resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid, directly from the sputum samples of pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Materials And Methods: A commercially available genotype MTBDR plus assay was used for the identification and detection of mutations in Mycobacterial isolates. A total of 100 sputum samples of pulmonary tuberculosis patients were analyzed by using the genotype MTBDR plus assay.

Successful outcome of mucormycosis in two children on induction therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Zygomycetes are one of the less common causes of invasive fungal infections in patients with the hematological malignancies. We report two cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the pediatric age group, complicated by disseminated cutaneous mucormycosis during induction chemotherapy. In one of our cases, cutaneous mucormycosis progressed to osteomyelitis of the proximal ulna while in the other it disseminated to lungs and distant cutaneous site.

Paratyphoid sepsis.

A large for gestational age male baby was born to a healthy young primigravida, on L-thyroxime, at 40 weeks by caesarean delivery in a tertiary care hospital. The baby had episodes of hypoglycemia during his immediate four postnatal days in the nursery that were successfully managed with intravenous glucose administration. The baby became unwell on day 5 and had a positive sepsis-screening test.

Expression of TNF-alpha and related signaling molecules in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients.

We examined the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and its related signaling intermediates leading to apoptosis/proliferation in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of RA patients. The constitutive expression of mRNA for TNF-alpha receptors (TNFR-I and TNFR-II) and the adapter molecules, such as the TNF receptor-associated death domain protein (TRADD), Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), receptor interacting protein (RIP), and TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF-2) were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) in PBMCs from control and RA cases. PBMCs of RA patients showed a significant increase in TNF-alpha and TNFR-I expression as compared with that from control subjects along with significantly increased constitutive expression of TRADD, RIP, and TRAF-2 mRNA.

Anti-MBL autoantibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: prevalence and clinical significance.

Occurrence of autoantibodies in patients' sera is the characteristic feature of autoimmune disorders. We assessed the presence of anti-mannose binding lectin (MBL) autoantibodies in the sera of 107 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 121 control subjects by enzyme immunoassay. Elevated levels of anti-MBL autoantibodies in the sera of RA patients (P<0.

Altered expression and glycosylation of plasma proteins in rheumatoid arthritis.

Altered glycosylation of plasma proteins has been directly implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present study investigated the changes in the Concanavalin-A (Con-A)-bound plasma proteins in the RA patients in comparison to that of the healthy controls. Two proteins (MW approximately 32 kDa and approximately 62 kDa) showed an alteration in expression while an altered monosaccharide profile (high mannose) was observed in the approximately 62 kDa protein in the samples collected from RA patients.

Eumycetoma due to Madurella grisea--a case report.

Mycetoma due to Madurella grisea has not been previously reported from Gujarat. We report a case in whom identification of the strain was made through the structure and texture of grains, morphology in Sabouraud's dextrose agar and histopathology.

Association of mannose-binding lectin gene (MBL2) polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis in an Indian cohort of case-control samples.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the mannose-binding lectin (MBL2) gene, as well as the serum MBL2 level, have been associated with various autoimmune diseases. We investigated whether such polymorphisms and/or the serum MBL2 level were associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in an Indian population. The frequency of the B variant (codon 54) of the MBL2 gene was quite frequent in the healthy Indian population and was significantly (P=6.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha microsatellite polymorphism association with rheumatoid arthritis in Indian patients.

Background: Level of TNF-alpha increases significantly in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. It is proposed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) microsatellite alleles may influence its expression and presumably can contribute to the disease severity. However, there is a lack of such study to predict any such association with RA in an Indian population.

Spinal tuberculosis due to dissemination of atypical mycobacteria.

There has been an increase in disease caused by Non Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) since the early 1980s. Though ubiquitous in environment, they may act as clinically important pathogens in various conditions. More importantly they are resistant to the conventional anti-tuberculous therapy (ATT) and respond to antibiotics such as quinolones and aminoglycosides and need an aggressive surgical intervention.